The French Revolution

Question 1

First Estate - the Clergy

Answer 1

• People of the Church. Owned land and had massive wealth.
• Don’t pay taxes to state
• Tithe - Tax extracted from peasants (one-tenth of produce)

Question 2

Second Estate - the Nobility

Answer 2

• Aristocrats, kings, nobels
• Don’t pay taxes to state
• Feudal privilages, i.e. , feudal dues extracted from peasants

Question 3

Third Estate

Answer 3

• Rest of the population
• No Privilege, had to pay direct taxes (Taille) and indirect taxes (salt, tobacco, food)
• Peasants (90% Population). Some owned land.
• 60% land was owned by nobels, the Church, other richer members of third estate.
• Peasants had to work in house of nobels, serve in army, build roads

Question 4

John Locke

Answer 4

Two Treaties of Government - critised the right of monarchy.

Question 5

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Answer 5

The Social Contract - Government based on Social Contract between people and representatives.

Question 6

Montesquieu

Answer 6

The Spirit of the Laws - Seperation by legislature, executive, Judiciary.

Question 7

Estate General Meeting

Answer 7

5th May, 1789

Question 8

National Assembly - 1789

[ When? Where? Who? ]

Answer 8

• 20th June, 1789 at Versailles.
• Tennis Court Oath, i.e., constitution.
• Representatives of third estate lead by Mirabeau (Nobel) and Abbe Sieyes (Clergy)

Question 9

Subsistence Crisis

[ When? Why? How? ]

Answer 9

• 1715 - 1789
• Prices of Bread increased as production was low.
• Population increased.
• Wages were low.

Question 10

During the severe winters, Bakers had…

Answer 10

Stocked up Bread, & Sell them at High Rates

Question 11

The Reckoning Of The Bastille

[ When? Who? Why? ]

Answer 11

• 14th July, 1789
• Prison in France
• Symbolized the kings dominating powers
• Destroyed by the agitated and hungry crowd

Question 12

August of 1789

Answer 12

• Feudal system was abolished
• Church land was seized
• 2 billion livres worth assets gained

Question 13

Constitution of France

[ When? What? ]

Answer 13

• 1791
• Powers seperated as the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary.
• Assembly was voted indirectly by Electors. Electors were elected by Active Citizens.
• Active Citizens - Men above 25 y/o who pay taxes equal to at least 3 days of labourer wage.
• Electors belonged to highest bracket of Taxpayers.

Active Citizens ~> Electors ~> Assembly

Question 14

Jacobin Club

[Leader? Members? Origin? Attire/Dresses? ]

Answer 14

About:

• Leader - Maximilian Robespierre
• Members - Less prosperous sections of Society, i.e., Shopkeepers, artisians, cooks, watch-makers, etc.
• Origin - St. Jacobs convent in Paris

Attire:

• Wore long stripped trousers similar to dock workers, a way to declare the end of knee breeches (Nobels).
• Sans-culottes
• Wore Red cap to symbolize liberty

Question 15

The Period of The Reign of Terror is

Answer 15

1793 to 1794

Question 16

The Reign of Terror - Events

Answer 16

Events:

• Arrested, tried and guillotened (ex-nobels, clergy and others).
• Peasants were forced to sell at govt. prices.
• White flour was forbidden, Meat and Breads were rationed.
• pain d’egalite (Equality Bread) made of whole wheat.
• Citoyen & Citoyenne instead of Monsieur & Madame.
• Churches were shut down.
• Abolished Slavery.

Question 17

Directory

Answer 17

an Executive made up of five members under the Jacobins.

Question 18

State Of Women

Answer 18

• Worked as seamstresses, laundresses, servants.
• Rich Women - study at convent.
• Constitution (1791) made them passive citizens.
• More than sixty Political clubs were formed.

Question 19

Laws to Improve Women Lives

Answer 19

• Compulsory education for girls.
• No more forced marriages.
• Marriage was a contract registred by law.
• Divorce was made legal.
• Women can train for jobs.

Question 20

When did Women get the Right To Vote?

Answer 20

In 1946

Question 21

Triangular Slave Trade

Answer 21

Europe, Africa and America