Diagnostic Imaging

Question 1

In this image from 2014 Buhler paper “Computed tomographic features of apical infection of equine maxillary cheek teeth: A retrospective study of 49 horses” what is #3 indicating?

EVJ 2014

Answer 1

Alveolar bone sclerosis

Question 2

In Buhler’s 2014 paper “Computed tomographic features of apical infection of equine maxillary cheek teeth: A retrospective study of 49 horses” what sign was significantly associated with computed tomographic abnormalities of the pulp, root, periapical bone and periodontal space?

EVJ 2014

Answer 2

Tooth fracture

Infundibular changes were NOT associated with other CT signs of apical infection.

Question 3

In Buhler’s 2014 paper “Computed tomographic features of apical infection of equine maxillary cheek teeth: A retrospective study of 49 horses”, what structure is indicated by the #1?

EVJ 2014

Answer 3

Lamina dura

Question 4

In Casey’s 2014 study “Gross, computed tomographic and histological findings in mandibular cheek teeth extracted from horses with clinical signs of pulpitis due to apical infection,” what were the Hounsfield units of 1.) cementum, dentin, bone, 2.) pulp, 3.) enamel?

Tremaine. EVJ 2014

Answer 4

1.) cementum, dentin, bone: 550-2000 HU
2.) pulp 400-500 HU
3.) enamel > 2500 HU

Question 5

In Casey’s 2014 study “Gross, computed tomographic and histological findings in mandibular cheek teeth extracted from horses with clinical signs of pulpitis due to apical infection,” changes in the dentinopulpar area were located in what location for cases and controls?

Tremaine. EVJ 2014

Answer 5

Cases: apical third
Controls: occlusal and middle third

Question 6

In Casey’s 2014 study “Gross, computed tomographic and histological findings in mandibular cheek teeth extracted from horses with clinical signs of pulpitis due to apical infection,” CT was most useful for detecting what type of defects?

Tremaine. EVJ 2014

Answer 6

Enamel and cemental

Question 7

In Casey’s 2014 study “Gross, computed tomographic and histological findings in mandibular cheek teeth extracted from horses with clinical signs of pulpitis due to apical infection,” what histologic changes associated with pulpitis had not previously been documented in the horse?

Tremaine. EVJ 2014

Answer 7

Pulpar mineralization and osteodentin

Question 8

In Carmalt’s 2016 study “Computed Tomographic Appearance of the Temporomandibular Joint in 1018 Asymptomatic Horses: A Multi-Institution Study,” what muscle inserts where the white arrows are pointing?

Vet Rad US 2016

Answer 8

Lateral pterygoid

Question 9

In Carmalt’s 2016 study “Computed Tomographic Appearance of the Temporomandibular Joint in 1018 Asymptomatic Horses: A Multi-Institution Study,” CT anatomatical variations were detected in what percent of all horses and what percent of all joints studied?

Answer 9

40% all horses
29% all joints

Question 10

In Carmalt’s 2016 study “Computed Tomographic Appearance of the Temporomandibular Joint in 1018 Asymptomatic Horses: A Multi-Institution Study,” what was the association with age on increased CT anatomical variations?

Answer 10

TMJs were sig more likely to have CT anatomic variations as horse age categories increased

Question 11

In Carmalt’s 2016 study “Computed Tomographic Appearance of the Temporomandibular Joint in 1018 Asymptomatic Horses: A Multi-Institution Study,” what was the association with sex and CT anatomical variation?

Answer 11

Odds of geldings having normal TMJs sig lower than mares but not sig lower than stallions with no sig differences between mares and stallions

Question 12

In Carmalt’s 2016 study “Computed Tomographic Appearance of the Temporomandibular Joint in 1018 Asymptomatic Horses: A Multi-Institution Study,” the odds of having CT anatomical variations were not stat sig associated with which factors?

Answer 12

reason for undergoing CT, horse breed or the presence of concurrent pathology in the region of the TMJ

Question 13

In Carmalt’s 2016 study “Computed Tomographic Appearance of the Temporomandibular Joint in 1018 Asymptomatic Horses: A Multi-Institution Study,” what percent of horses over the age of 1 year had discrete focal hypodense regions?

Answer 13

57.4%

Question 14

In Carmalt’s 2016 study “Computed Tomographic Appearance of the Temporomandibular Joint in 1018 Asymptomatic Horses: A Multi-Institution Study,” what factors were not stat sig associated with the presence of regions of well defined hypodensity?

Answer 14

Age
right vs left

Question 15

In Carmalt’s 2016 study “Computed Tomographic Appearance of the Temporomandibular Joint in 1018 Asymptomatic Horses: A Multi-Institution Study,” thin, linear hyperdense regions immediately ventral and parallel to mandibular fossa in region of disc in transverse plane were stat sig associated with what factor?

Answer 15

Age: Never occurred in horses < 1yr and increased dramatically in
horses > 10yrs