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IB biology > 1.2 Ultrastructure of cells > Flashcards

1.2 Ultrastructure of cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are prokaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes are cells without a nucleus

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2
Q

What domains are prokaryotes?

A
  • Archaebacteria
  • Eubacteria
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3
Q

Draw a prokaryote

A

Compare to picture on bioninja

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4
Q

What are the important parts of a prokaryote?

A
  • Cell wall
  • Cell membrane
  • Ribosomes
  • Nucleoid region

Some have:
* Slimy capsule
* Plasmid
* Pili
* Flagella

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5
Q

What is the function of the slimy capsule?

A

Keeps bacteria from drying out

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6
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Provides structural support and protects the cell

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7
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A
  • Holds the cell together
  • Seperates cell from others
  • Semi-permeable
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8
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A
  • Synthesis of proteins
  • Made up of ribosomal RNA and protein
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9
Q

What is the function of the nucleoid region?

A

It’s 1 large circular DNA molecule

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10
Q

What is the function of the flagella?

A

Helps the bacteria swim

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11
Q

What is the function of the plasmid?

A

It’s a small ring of extra DNA

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12
Q

What is the function of pili?

A

Hair-like extensions that enable adherence to surfaces

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13
Q

How do prokaryotes replicate?

A

Through binary fission

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14
Q

What are the steps of binary fission?

A
  • The single chromosome is replicated
  • The copies move to opposite sides of the cell
  • Division of the cytoplasm
  • Each of the daughter cells contain one copy of the chromosome so they are identical
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15
Q

What are eukaryotes?

A

Cells that have a nucleus

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16
Q

Dram the structure of a typical animal cell

A

Compare to picture on bioninja

17
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A
  • The control center of the cell
  • Contains the DNA
18
Q

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

A

Packaging and modification of proteins

19
Q

What is the function of the vacuole

A

Takes up a large space of a plant cell and affects wether the cell is turgid or not

20
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Site of protein synthesis

21
Q

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Synthesis of hormones and lipids

22
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A
  • Where cell respiration takes place
  • Contains oxidative enzymes that convert sugar to ATP
23
Q

What is the function of the lysosome?

A

Contains enzymes that break down waste and phagocytosed material

24
Q

What is the function of the centriole?

A

Function in cell division

25
Q

Draw the structure of a typical plant cell

A

Compare to picture on bioninja

26
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A
  • Contains chlorophyll
  • Place where photosynthesis occurs
27
Q

Compare DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

Prokaryotes: Naked DNA
Eukaryotes: Protein bound DNA

28
Q

Compare nucleus in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

Prokaryote: No nucleus
Eukaryote: Has nucleus

29
Q

Compare organelles in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

Prokaryotes: No membrane-bound
Eukaryotes: Membrane-bound

30
Q

Compare ribosomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

Prokaryotes: 70S
Eukaryotes: 80S

31
Q

Compare reproduction in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

Prokaryotes: Binary fission
Eukaryotes: Mitosis and mieosis

32
Q

Compare size in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

Prokaryotes: Smalles, about 1-5 µm
Eukaryotes: Larger, about 10-100 µm

33
Q

Compare light microscopes and electron microscopes

A

Electron microscopes have much higher resolution than light microscopes

34
Q

Why does electron microscopes have higher resolution than light microscopes?

A

Because beams of electrons have much shorter wavelength than beams of light

IB biology (10 decks)

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