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IB History HL > Japan > Flashcards

Japan Flashcards

1
Q

First Sino-Japanese War

A

1894-1895
- Japan wanted Korea’s raw materials and space for its growing population
- Causes of Sino-Japanese tensions: Japan’s interference in Korea, Japan’s use of assassinations in Korea, China’s banning of Japanese imported goods
- Japan’s more modern military pushed Chinese troops out of Korea
- Japan took control of Korea and Manchuria, seized Port Arthur and captured islands near Taiwan

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2
Q

Second Sino-Japanese War

A

1937-1945

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3
Q

Rape of Nanjing

A

December 1937 - January 1938

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4
Q

Japan left the League of Nations

A

1933

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5
Q

Russo-Japanese War

A

1904-1905

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6
Q

Japan’s surrender in WW2

A

August 15 1945

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7
Q

Anglo-Japanese Alliance

A

1902

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8
Q

Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbour

A

7 December 1941

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9
Q

Twenty-One Demands

A

1915

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10
Q

Treaty of Kanagawa

A

1854

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11
Q

Washington Naval Conference

A

1921-1922

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12
Q

London Naval Disarmament Conference

A

1930

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13
Q

Paris Peace Conference

A

1919-1920

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14
Q

Four Power Treaty

A

1921
- signed at the Washington Naval Conference by the US, Great Britain, Japan and France
- agreed to consult with each other in the event of a future crisis in East Asia before taking action

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15
Q

Nine Power Treaty

A

1922
- signed by the US, Britain, Japan, France, China, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal and Belgium
- affirmed China’s sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity
- gave all nations the right to do business with China on equal terms

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16
Q

Invasion of Manchuria

A

18 September 1931

17
Q

Establishment of the puppet state ‘Manchukuo’

A

1932

18
Q

Tangku Truce

A

1933
- Kwantung Army and Chinese officials agreed that Manchukuo’s boundary would be extended to the Great Wall
- the North and East zones of the Tientsin-Peking area was to be demilitarised (China could not defend and guard the areas with military forces)

19
Q

Ho-Umerzu Agreement & Ch’ing-Doihara Agreement

A

mid-1935
- Jiang Jieshi agreed to recognise Manchukuo if Japan agreed to recognise the GMD’s rule in North China
- Japanese government leaders were willing to negotiate, but the Kwantung Army disagreed and forced the North China officials to sign the 2 agreements
- GMD rule was excluded from the northern provinces of Hopei and Chahar
- Kwantung Army succeeded in making North China independent of GMD control and handing reign over to Japan

20
Q

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

A

1940

21
Q

Triple Intervention

A

1895
- Russia, Germany and France denounced the Treaty of Shimonoseki and demanded alterations
- Russia were given control of Liaodong Peninsula + Port Arthur
- Impact: Japan was deeply humiliated and resented this. Taiwan declared itself as the independent Republic of Formosa and challenged Japanese rule but Japanese forces defeated the rebels

22
Q

Tripartite Pact

A

1940

23
Q

Hakkō ichiu

A
  • Japanese political slogan meaning Japan had the divine right to unify the eight corners of the world
  • basis of Japan’s political ideology
  • popularised in a speech by Prime Minister Konoe in 1940
24
Q

Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact

A

1941

25
Q

Treaty of Shimonoseki

A

1895
- China requested for peace after losing the First Sino-Japanese War
- gave Japan the Liaodong Peninsula & Taiwan, the right to have factories and import goods at 4 Chinese ports, and permission to operate ships on the Yangtze River
- China paid Japan a large indemnity

26
Q

Great Depression

A

1929-1939

27
Q

US Immigration Act of 1924

A
  • banned Japanese from immigrating to the US on the grounds of them being “ineligible to be naturalised”
  • opened the door to Japanese militarist control
  • anti-American sentiment in Japan surged
28
Q

Commodore Matthew Perry’s diplomatic mission

A

1853
- ‘gunboat diplomacy’

29
Q

Invasion of French Indochina

A

1940

30
Q

Meiji Restoration

A

1868

31
Q

Taisho Democracy

A

1912-1926 (Taisho period with Emperor Yoshihito)

32
Q

US oil trade embargo

A

1941

33
Q

Kellogg-Briand Pact

A

1928
- an agreement to outlaw war

34
Q

Marco Polo Bridge Incident

A

7 July 1937

35
Q

Anti-Comintern Pact

A

November 1936

36
Q

Japan’s adoption of the Southern Strategy

A

August 1940
- Japan was divided on who to attack
- The army favoured attacking the North (Russia) while the navy favoured attacking the South (SEA)
- In the end, Japan declared the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere and promised unparalleled prosperity and security

37
Q

Hull Note

A

November 1941
US State Secretary Hull issued his 4 principles:
- Respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty of other nations
- Non-interference in domestic affairs of other nations
- Open Door Policy: Equal commercial opportunities for all
- No alteration of the status quo in the Pacific except through peaceful means

38
Q

Japan-Korea Treaty of Amity/Treaty of Ganghwa Island

A

1876
- ‘gunboat diplomacy’
- opened up trading ports in Korea for Japan
- granted Japanese the same rights in Korea that Westerners enjoyed such as extraterritoriality

IB History HL (12 decks)

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