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Molecular Genetics > Ch 6 > Flashcards

Ch 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Semiconservative replication

A

Both strands can be used to replication, one old and one new strand product

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2
Q

Meselson and stahl experiment proved

A

That DNA replication is semi conservative

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3
Q

Enzyme that catalyzes DNA replication

A

DNA polymerase

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4
Q

Replication adds nucleotides at what carbon

A

3’

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5
Q

In replication, the cleave of triphospahte nucleotides creates

A

Energy to make reaction energetically favorable

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6
Q

Leading strand is

A

Continuous, no new primer needed

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7
Q

Lagging strand

A

Fragmented and together

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8
Q

Semi discontinuous

A

One strand is continuous and the other is discontinuous, continuous

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9
Q

4 repeated lagging strand steps

A

Primer synthesis, elongation, primer removal, joining of fragment

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10
Q

Replisome

A

Multiprotoen machine with a suite of basic enzymatic function
– Helicase
– Primase
– DNA polymerase
– 3’ to 5’ exonuclease.

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11
Q

Protein associated with replisome

A

Helicase, primate DNA poly, 3’ to 5’ exonuclous

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12
Q

DNA poly I (bacterial)

A

Primer removal, fills gap in fragment, involved in nucleotide excision repair pathway, turns ribose in deoxy

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13
Q

DNA poly I subunits and its activities

A

Knlenow fragmens
5’ to 3’- polymerase activity (add nucleotides)
3’ to 5’ prime exonuclease activity (fix mistakes)

2
5’ to 3’ exonuclease activity (removed primers)

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14
Q

DNA poly III

A

Main replicative polymerase,

5’ to 3’ polymerase activity
3’ to 5’ exonuclease

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15
Q

DNA poly II, IV, V

A

DNA repair mechanisms

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16
Q

origin of replication (OriC)

A

Sequence of DNA that allows for replication to begin

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17
Q

Bacteria origin of replication

A

One

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18
Q

E. coli initiator protien

A

dnaA, only binds to negativity supercoiled origin DNA

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19
Q

DNA helicase (dnaB) (bac)

A

Unwinds helix using ATP

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20
Q

Sliding clamps (bacteria)

A

tether DNA poly to the DNA

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21
Q

Clamp loader (bacteria)

A

Use ATP to open and close clamp on DNA

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22
Q

Single strand bind protien

A

Keep dna from resealing after helicase, protect nuclease attack

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23
Q

Primase makes

A

RNA primers

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24
Q

DNA poly III adds to dna by

A

Catalyzing phosodiester bond formation between nucleotides

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25
Q

DNA ligase

A

Seals up phosodiester link between fragments

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26
Q

Topoisomers

A

Same DNA, different form (linking number and mobility in gel electrophoresis)

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27
Q

Topoisomerase I

A

Caused one break in DNA, Detangle, no ATP needed

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28
Q

Bacterial type I topo

A

Relax neg supercoil

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29
Q

Eukaryotic type I topo

A

Relax negative and positive supercoiling

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30
Q

Type II topo

A

Two breaks, both positive and negatives, unknot, decatenate entangled DNA molecules, ATP needed,

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31
Q

Bacterial gyrase

A

Negative supercoiling, a type of topo

32
Q

Leading strand is discontinuous when

A

DNA poly III, DNA poly collide with RNA poly

33
Q

How many Euk origin of rep

A

Many

34
Q

ARS autonomous replicating sequences (yeast)

A

Original of replication

35
Q

Mammalian origins are - rich

A

AT, no common consensus sequence

36
Q

Rate of replication is dependent on

A

Number of origins activated

37
Q

Replication factories

A

Where we expect to find replication forks and lots of replication

38
Q

ORC

A

Origin recognition complex- euk

39
Q

(euk)For replication to start, - binds to the origin. This process is ATP -

A

ORC and Cdc6 , dependent

40
Q

G1 phase

A

Origin selection

41
Q

S phase

A

Replication

42
Q

Replication licensing protien

A

MCM2-7 helicase in complex with CDt1 (2),

43
Q

CMG helicase complex

A

Cdc45 and GINS plus MCM2-7 inactive hexamer, loaded on leading strands

44
Q

Cyclin depends kinases (CDKs)

A

Controls licensing of origins, activators of cell cycle transitions

45
Q

Low CDK activity

A

Mcm2-7 can load

46
Q

CDK high (s and g2)

A

Origins fire, but don’t reload

47
Q

Initiator DNA (idna)

A

Yea idk in the primer?

48
Q

Polymerase switching

A

Hand of DNA from one poly to another

49
Q

PCNA

A

proliferating cell nuclear antigen- clamp, keeps poly from falling off

50
Q

RFC- replication factor C

A

Loads clamp

51
Q

alt methods of circular DNA replication

A

rolling circle rep,

52
Q

rolling circle rep

A

(plasmid and bacteria) dsDNA is nicked, and free 3’ OH is used for replication. one strand is displaced

53
Q

telomere repetitive sequence

A

huaman- TTAGGG
tetrahymena- TTGGGG

54
Q

telomeres

A

allows chromo to remain linear, protect ends

55
Q

c strand

A

shorter strand after primer is removed

56
Q

g strand

A

overhanging pice after primer is removed

57
Q

telomerase (RNP)

A

solves the lagging strand problem

58
Q

telomerase RNA

A

telomerase RNA component (TERC)

59
Q

telo protein part

A

Telo reverse transcriptase (TERT)

60
Q

how does telo care of overhang

A

elongates C strand and folds the shit around and bonds to shorter one

61
Q

shelterin

A

prevents telo from fusing together, coats t loops

62
Q

TZAP

A

will bind where shelterin isn’t and cut that bitch out

63
Q

as we age, telomeres get

A

shorter

64
Q

hay flick limit

A

little telomerase activity limit, no longer divides

65
Q

senescent

A

doesn’t divide

66
Q

proof for telomeres linked to age

A
  1. adding hTERT allows cells to escape hayflick limit
  2. mice with no telo RNA looked old asf when they’re young
  3. mice liver thingy (fucked up bruh)
67
Q

dykeratosis congenita

A

loss of telo activity, aging syndrome (greys, hair loss, fucked)

68
Q

two forms of dyskeratosis congenital

A

autosmal dom, x linked

69
Q

Bidirectional replication

A

both ways, has two forks

70
Q

bacterial DNA poly

A
  • DNA Pol I
  • DNA Pol II
  • DNA Pol III
  • DNA Pol IV
  • DNA Pol V
71
Q

bacterial II IV V function

A

Involved in DNA repair mechanisms

72
Q

DNA poly alpha

A

primase activity

73
Q

Chromosomal DNA replication

A

aphelia Epsilon delta

74
Q

Initiator protein (DnaA)

A

binds to OriC

75
Q

RPA

A

maintains single strand in euk

76
Q

fen-1

A

primer removalt

Molecular Genetics (13 decks)

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