HL Power, places and networks- Globalisation Flashcards

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1
Q

What term did Marshall McLuhan use to describe globalisation in 1964?

A

The Global Village

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2
Q

How does Marshall describe the breakdown of spatial barriers around the world?

A
  • Similarities between places becoming larger than the differences between places.
  • Much of the world operated in the same economic, social and cultural processes.
  • As economic and political activity increasingly operated at a global scale, other scales become less important.
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3
Q

What is Global Interdependence?

A

When two countries become dependent on each other, either as a result of financial or political connections
- A change in one country will affect the other

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4
Q

What is the Rudd Lubbers definition of globalisation?

A

A process in which geographic distance becomes a factor of diminishing importance in the establishment + maintenance of of cross-border economic, political, socio-cultural and environmental relations.

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5
Q

What is globalisation to some?

A
  • Ultimate goal
  • Expansion of trade between nations - distributing wealth
  • Removal of barriers (economic, political + cultural)
  • More equal, borderless world
  • Greater understanding + tolerance of others
  • Reduced nationalism + conflict
  • Sharing knowledge + developing solutions to problems
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6
Q

What does globalisation mean to others?

A
  • Embodiment of inequality
  • Erosion of democracy + shift of power into hands of few (TNCs + IGOs)
  • Rich north (HICs) consumption of world’s resources at expense of Poor south (LICs)
  • Widening gap between rich + poor
  • Removal of local identity + culture
  • Global monoculture
  • Increased tensions between nations
  • Environmental issues
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7
Q

What are the 4 different types of globalisation?

A
  • Economic
  • Political
  • Cultural/Social
  • Environmental
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8
Q

What is economic globalisation?

A
  • Increased global trade
  • ‘Global shift’ in economic activity
  • Growth of global companies (TNCs), global markets + global finance
  • Removal of barriers to trade: derregulation of finance markets, creation of trading blocs
  • Increased flows + exchanges of resources, goods, commodities, finance, money + services
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9
Q

What is an example of economic globalisation?

A
  • The amount of remittances (money sent home by economic migrants) now contributes more than 3x the amount of aid received globally (World Bank)
  • Some TNCs earn more than individual countries (McDonalds would rank as world’s 92nd biggest country (by economy)
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10
Q

What is Political globalisation?

A
  • Growth of global political powers (superpowers)
  • Growth of diplomatic links between countries
  • Growth of IGOs (and their membership)
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11
Q

What is an example of political globalisation?

A
  • WTO + various regional trade blocs
  • WTO = global institution that deals with trade rules + agreements between countries - with 164 members
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12
Q

What is cultural globalisation?

A
  • Global dispersal of products + cultural ideas
  • Global brands
  • Food
  • Music
  • Film
  • Clothes
  • Sporting events
  • Dominance of Western/American traits through US media
  • ‘Westernisation’ and ‘Americanisation’
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13
Q

What is an example of cultural globalisation?

A

Adele’s 2005 album “25” was number one on iTunes in over 100 countries around the world (the week after it was released)

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14
Q

What is environmental globalisation?

A
  • Growth in global environmental problems (e.g. climate change) + widespread industrial pollution
  • Development of global environmental campaigns, policies and solutions
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15
Q

What is an example of environmental globalisation?

A

WWF “Earth Hour” is a global annual event where millions of people switch off their lights for one hour to show they care about climate change (in March 2016 people in 178 countries took part)

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