HL Power, places and networks- Globalisation Flashcards
What term did Marshall McLuhan use to describe globalisation in 1964?
The Global Village
How does Marshall describe the breakdown of spatial barriers around the world?
- Similarities between places becoming larger than the differences between places.
- Much of the world operated in the same economic, social and cultural processes.
- As economic and political activity increasingly operated at a global scale, other scales become less important.
What is Global Interdependence?
When two countries become dependent on each other, either as a result of financial or political connections
- A change in one country will affect the other
What is the Rudd Lubbers definition of globalisation?
A process in which geographic distance becomes a factor of diminishing importance in the establishment + maintenance of of cross-border economic, political, socio-cultural and environmental relations.
What is globalisation to some?
- Ultimate goal
- Expansion of trade between nations - distributing wealth
- Removal of barriers (economic, political + cultural)
- More equal, borderless world
- Greater understanding + tolerance of others
- Reduced nationalism + conflict
- Sharing knowledge + developing solutions to problems
What does globalisation mean to others?
- Embodiment of inequality
- Erosion of democracy + shift of power into hands of few (TNCs + IGOs)
- Rich north (HICs) consumption of world’s resources at expense of Poor south (LICs)
- Widening gap between rich + poor
- Removal of local identity + culture
- Global monoculture
- Increased tensions between nations
- Environmental issues
What are the 4 different types of globalisation?
- Economic
- Political
- Cultural/Social
- Environmental
What is economic globalisation?
- Increased global trade
- ‘Global shift’ in economic activity
- Growth of global companies (TNCs), global markets + global finance
- Removal of barriers to trade: derregulation of finance markets, creation of trading blocs
- Increased flows + exchanges of resources, goods, commodities, finance, money + services
What is an example of economic globalisation?
- The amount of remittances (money sent home by economic migrants) now contributes more than 3x the amount of aid received globally (World Bank)
- Some TNCs earn more than individual countries (McDonalds would rank as world’s 92nd biggest country (by economy)
What is Political globalisation?
- Growth of global political powers (superpowers)
- Growth of diplomatic links between countries
- Growth of IGOs (and their membership)
What is an example of political globalisation?
- WTO + various regional trade blocs
- WTO = global institution that deals with trade rules + agreements between countries - with 164 members
What is cultural globalisation?
- Global dispersal of products + cultural ideas
- Global brands
- Food
- Music
- Film
- Clothes
- Sporting events
- Dominance of Western/American traits through US media
- ‘Westernisation’ and ‘Americanisation’
What is an example of cultural globalisation?
Adele’s 2005 album “25” was number one on iTunes in over 100 countries around the world (the week after it was released)
What is environmental globalisation?
- Growth in global environmental problems (e.g. climate change) + widespread industrial pollution
- Development of global environmental campaigns, policies and solutions
What is an example of environmental globalisation?
WWF “Earth Hour” is a global annual event where millions of people switch off their lights for one hour to show they care about climate change (in March 2016 people in 178 countries took part)
