Pathophysiology Inflammation/Wound Healing

Question 1

Acute Inflammation

Answer 1

Duration: Minutes to Days

Characterized by exudation of fluid, neutrophils

Manifestations: Local responses and systemic responses

Question 2

Chronic Inflammation

Answer 2

Duration: Days to years

Characterized by lymphocytes and macrophages

Manifestations: Tissue necrosis, fibrosis, and scarring

Question 3

Vascular stage of Acute Inflammation

Answer 3

1. Prostaglandins and leukotriene production
2. Arteriolar dilation
3. Increased capillary permeability

Question 3

Signs of Acute Inflammation

Answer 3

Redness

Swelling

Heat

Pain

Loss of function

Question 4

Cellular stage of Acute Inflammation

Answer 4

1. Neutrophils first to arrive and release hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide to destroy pathogens
2. Eosinophils arrive and with increased number with allergy and parasites
3. Mast cells work on mucosal surfaces and have a sentinel function, standing guard
4. Macrophages perform phagocytosis and initiate the immune reaction

Question 5

Manifestations of Acute Inflammation

Answer 5

Local response:
a. Serous:
b. Hemorrhagic
c. Fibrinous
d. Membranous:
e. Purulent:

Systemic responses:

a. Acute phase response
i. Cytokines from leukocytes affect thermoregulatory center and central nervous system, making a fever and causing lethargy
ii. Lymphadenitis: Swollen, painful, palpable lymph nodes

b. White Blood Cell response:
i. Cytokines from leukocytes stimulate bone marrow products

Neutrophils –> Bacterial infections
Eosinophils –> Parasites and allergic reactions
Lymphocytes –> Viral infections

Question 6

Fever - Pyrexia details

Answer 6

Hypothalamic thermoregulatory center: Set point = core temperature

Heat dissipating behaviors:

Heat producing behaviors: