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PT Selected Topics > Diagnostic Imaging Intro > Flashcards

Diagnostic Imaging Intro Flashcards

1
Q

5 different types of imaging

A

radiographs, MRI, CT, bone scan, and ultrasound

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2
Q

Why should we care about imaging?

A

Our pts often come armed with a diagnosis based off imaging, it’s the language that physicians speak, and it’s another piece of potentially critical information

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3
Q

a posterior to anterior view is best for scoliosis, because it will have a ______ reduction in lifetime ionizing radiation and it reduces the risk of breast cancer by ________ and thyroid cancer by _________

A

3-7X; 3-4X; 2X

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4
Q

Radiographs are most common and are the favorite because they are ____________, but they also use _______________

A

easy, cheap, and quick; ionizing radiation

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5
Q

key components to reading radiographs

A

get good quality images, know your anatomy, realize difference with age, be able to interpret and react to your findings, and know your limits

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6
Q

X-ray film: black without absorption - ________________ - less dense material

A

radiolucent

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7
Q

X-ray film: white with absorption (without penetration) - ___________________ - more dense material

A

radiopaque

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8
Q

Osteoblastic activity

A

bone becomes more dense because of calcium deposition to the area – so it gets stronger and thicker

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9
Q

Osteoclastic activity

A

when you have depletion of calcium, bone becomes weakened or more brittle and thinner

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10
Q

Radiopaque, opacity, sclerosis, hypertrophic bone, increased radiodensity, and blastic lesions (reparative or reactive) are all ______________ activity

A

Osteoblastic

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11
Q

Radiolucent, lucency, osteopenia, decreased radiodensity, and lytic lesion or lysis are all _____________ activity

A

osteoclastic

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12
Q

From _____________ to ______________, it’s air, fat, water, bone, contrast media, and heavy metals

A

radiolucent, radiopaque

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13
Q

What are the ABCs of radiographic evaluation

A

alignment, bone density, cartilage spaces, and soft tissue

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14
Q

Don’t immediately focus on the _____________

A

obvious

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15
Q

What should you consider when looking at alignment?

A

size of bone, number of bones, shape and contour of bones, and bone and joint position

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16
Q

One view is _____________

A

no view

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17
Q

critical questions to ask when looking at imaging

A

is there enough pictures (importance of two views)? are they the right pictures (importance of correct views, capture all areas of concerns)? are they good pictures (Structures well visualized, identification and orientation)?

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18
Q

2 examples of trauma we should look for

A

dislocation and fracture

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19
Q

Salter-Harris

A

System of classifying physial fractures in kids

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20
Q

Salter-Harris Grade 1

A

Fracture through the physis only

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21
Q

Salter-Harris Grade 2

A

Fracture through the physis and metaphysis

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22
Q

Salter-Harris Grade 3

A

Fracture through the physis and Epiphysis

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23
Q

Salter-Harris Grade 4

A

Fracture through the physis, Metaphysis, and epiphysis

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24
Q

Salter-Harris Grade 5

A

Crush/compression injury to the physis

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25
Q

Fractures are classified by ___________________

A

description or mechanism of injury

26
Q

Some descriptions of fractures are __________

A

open vs closed, type, location, deformity, and number of fragments/pieces

27
Q

Fracture description: types

A

transverse, oblique, spiral, compression/impacted, torus/buckle, and epiphyseal

28
Q

locations of fractures

A

relational or anatomical

29
Q

Fracture description: deformities

A

Angulation, displacement, shortened, roatation

30
Q

Examples of non-traumatic things that imaging can be used for

A

arthritis, infections, neoplasms, metabolic bone disease, and pathologic fractures

31
Q

remember to look at ___________ of the affected area and look at joints/area ____________ to the area of concern

A

stability; proximal and distal

32
Q

MRI uses ___________________ impulses in a magnetic field

A

radiofrequency (RF)

33
Q

MRI aligns nuclei with an odd # of pro/neutrons ______________ to magnetic field

A

parallel

34
Q

RF pulses cause _____________ of nuclei resulting in MRI images

A

Deflections

35
Q

T1 MRI

A

best demonstrate anatomic structure

36
Q

T2 MRI

A

most helpful in contrasting normal and abnormal tissue

37
Q

Water, CSF, acute hemorrhage, and soft tissue tumors appear ________ on T1 and _________ on T2 studies

A

dark, bright

38
Q

MRI uses

A

most sensitive method for detection of early osteonecrosis, infection and trauma, excellent for occult fractures, neoplasms, disc disease and herniation, bone marrow changes, ACL, best radiologic test for PCL, and Shoulders (90%) for RC tears, equal to Ct on labral pathology

39
Q

28% of subjects over 40 years old have abnormality in their ___________ on MRI

A

C-spine

40
Q

20-30% of subjects under 40 years old show evidence of _______________________

A

lumbar disc herniation

41
Q

__________% of subjects over 60 years old show evidence of degeneration and bulging of one or more lumbar disc

A

93

42
Q

MRI disadvantages

A

Expensive, 10% of pts can’t tolerate it due to claustrophobia, Subject to artifact from metallic objects, can interfere with cardiac pacemakers, and can cause shifting of foreign metallic objects in the eye/brain

43
Q

Computed tomography uses __________, is computer enhanced, gives a great increase in tissue ___________, can use _____________ agents (arthrography), and is great for spinal lesions

A

X-ray; contrast; contrasting

44
Q

CTs demonstrate ____________ better than any other study

A

bony abnormalities

45
Q

CTs are used in conjunction with _______, such as in arthrogram CT and myelogram CT

A

contrast

46
Q

CTs are useful in measuring ____________ for cervical stenosis

A

cross sectional dural area

47
Q

CT is valuable for evaluating subtaler ________ & subtaler ____________

A

joint and coalitions

48
Q

Dynamic CT is the best test available for diagnosis of ______________ subluxation

A

atlantoaxial rotary

49
Q

Bone scan

A

uses markers to reflect increased blood flow and metabolism

50
Q

In a bone scan, the marker is absorbed by hydroxyapatite crystals in bone in areas of _____________

A

infection, trauma, or neoplasm, etc.

51
Q

Bone scans are very useful in the diagnosis of ______________________

A

subtle fractures, avascular necrosis, decreased blood flow, osteomyelitis, and THA/TKA loosening

52
Q

Ultrasonography of the shoudler

A

useful in diagnosis of RC tears

53
Q

Ultrasonography of the hip

A

useful in diagnosis and follow-up on congenital hip dysplasia, and diagnosis of iliopsoas bursitis

54
Q

Ultrasonography of the knee

A

Assess articular cartilage thickness and identify intra-articular fluid/effusion

55
Q

Ultrasonography of fractures

A

used for fracture healing progression

56
Q

Other than the shoulder, hip, knee, and fractures, ultrasonography can also be used for _____________________

A

soft tissue masses, hematoma, tendon rupture, abscesses, and foreign body location

57
Q

types of transducers

A

linear, curved linear, and compact linear

58
Q

Linear transducers transducers

A

look at midrange/average depth

59
Q

Curved linear transducers

A

look at much deeper structures

60
Q

Compact linear transducers

A

look at very superficial structures; good for tendons of fingers

61
Q

What type of transducer is used for pregnancies?

A

curved linear transducers

PT Selected Topics (7 decks)

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