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PSYC 3410 - Monday Hormones > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

Have tubes or ducts, ex. sweat saliva Through these tubes directly to the surface of the body or into the digestive system

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2
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

They don’t have ducts.
They release special chemicals called hormones directly to the blood. Help to keep everything balanced and working properly

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3
Q

How do hormones work?

A

Hormones as messengers carrying important notes from one part of the body to another. Once released by endocrine gland, finds the specific place (target), where it needs to deliver its message. Tells body to do something, grow, develop, prepare

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4
Q

The Gonads- erbezleri

A

Testes, ovaries
Zygote after copulation: which contains all : information necessary for the typical growtr a complete adult organism

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5
Q

Chromosomes

A

Each cell of the human body has 23 pairs of chromosomes

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6
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

Girls: two big XX chromosomes
Boys: XY
The type of sperm carrying X or Y that fertilizes the egg will determine the baby’s sex
Y chromosome encodes for
66 proteins
X chromosome encodes for
615 proteins

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7
Q

Types of hormones

A

Hormones come in different shapes and sized and can be grouped based on what they’re made from

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8
Q

Vertebrate hormones- Omurgali hayvan hormonlari

A

Amino acid derivative, peptides, and steroids

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9
Q

Amino Acid Derivative Hormones

A

Synthesized from amino acids
Very small can pass through the cell membrane
Examples;
Thyroid gland: thyroid hormones thyroxin derived from tyrosine
Adrenal medulla: epinephrine
(Adrenalin) derived from phenylalanine
Receptors: intracellular thyroxin or member bound epinephrine receptors

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10
Q

Peptide and protein hormones

A

Large molecules, cannot go through the cell membrane
Peptide made from short chains and protein hormones are long chains
Examples:
Pancreas: Insulin, glucagon
Adipose tissue: lepton
Anterior pituitary: prolactin
Posterior pituitary: oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone (aka vasopressin)
Receptors: typically membrane receptors

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11
Q

Pituitary Gland or Hypophysis (Hipofiz bezleri)

A

Pituitary gland is divided into two main parts
Posterior pituitary (neurohypophy sis)
Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

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12
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

Releases hormones that are produced in the hypothalamus (oxytocin, vasopressin)

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13
Q

Anterior Pituitary

A

Anterior Adenohypophysis

The hypothalamus regulates the anterior pituitary
It releases a number of tropic hormones which affect the release of hormones from other

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14
Q

Neurohypophyseal (post hipofizler)
hormones and neurotransmitters

A

Both produced in the Supraoptic and Paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus

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15
Q

Oxytocin

A

Induces labor (dogumun baslamasi icin gerekli kasilmalara yol acar)
Facilitates milk secretion
Mediates social behaviours such as mom and baby bond

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16
Q

Vasopressin

A

Regulates water re-absorption in kidneys
Learning and memory
Social behaviours such as aggression

17
Q

Vasopressin and oxytocin

A

Very similar hormone, on the same chromosome, they are transported to pituitary gland

18
Q

Discovery of Hypothalamic Releasing Hormones

A

Produced by the hypothalamus
Regulating the secretion of pituitary hormones
Send these releasing hormones through the hypophyseal portal system

19
Q

Hypothalamus releases

A

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

20
Q

TRH triggers the release of

A

Thyrotropin or thyroid stimulating hormone TSH from the anterior pituitary gland

21
Q

Thyrotropin then stimulates the releases of

A

Thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland

22
Q

Thyroid system

A

Highly preserved, primary affects, travels back to hypothalamus after the thyroid hormones t3 and t4 released, negative feedback loop and maintaining the balance

23
Q

Catecholamine hormones

A

Made by your adrenal glands, located above the kidneys, norepinephrine and epinephrine

24
Q

Anterior Pituitary Gland or Adenohypophysis

A

TRH,GRH,CRH

25
Q

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone

A

Thyrotropin/thyroid stimulating hormone

26
Q

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone

A

Gonadotropin

27
Q

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone

A

Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone

28
Q

Steroid Hormones

A

Gonads: Testosterone, estradiol, progesterone
Adrenal Cortex: cortisol, corticosterone

29
Q

Adrenal Cortex: Cortisol, Corticosterone

A

Cortisol( humans)
Corticosterone(animals)

30
Q

Steroid Hormones Mechanisms of Action

A

Transcription factors
Membrane receptors

31
Q

Transcription factors

A

Intracellular receptors, delayed but long-lasting effects

32
Q

Membrane receptors

A

Rapid and shorter-lasting effects

33
Q

Actions of Steroid hormones

A

Genomic, Long-term effects (hours, days)
Rapid, short-term effects ( minutes-hours)

PSYC 3410 - Monday Hormones (2 decks)

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