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SYSTEMIC PHARMACOLOGY > LESSON 3: DRUGS ACTING ON THE RESPIRATORY > Flashcards

LESSON 3: DRUGS ACTING ON THE RESPIRATORY Flashcards

1
Q

Specifically refers to the complete failure of the tissues to get adequate supply of
oxygen

A

Anoxia

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2
Q

Refers to the reduce supply of oxygen, and is the more appropriate term for the usual
condition accompanying respiratory disorder.

A

Hypoxia

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3
Q

Refers to defective oxygenation of blood in the pulmonary circuit and is usually caused by a primary disease of the respiratory tract

A

Anoxic hypoxia

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4
Q

Due to deficiency of haemoglobin per unit volume of blood but the blood oxygen tension is normal

A

Anemic hypoxia

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5
Q

Caused by a reduction of the rate of blood flow to and from the capillaries

A

Stagnant hypoxia

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6
Q

Result from the failure of the tissue oxidation system in the presence of fully oxygenated blood.

A

Histotoxic hypoxia

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7
Q

retention of excessive carbon dioxide in the body, a condition term _______, failure to rid the
body of this excessive carbon dioxide leads respiratory acidosis.

A

hyper apnea

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8
Q

Initially the body tries to rid itself of excessive carbon dioxide by means of abnormally increasing the depth and in rate of respiration

A

hyperpnea

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9
Q

________ occurred when breathing becomes difficult and labored. Later, when the condition is not corrected, cyanosis & epistaxis sets in.

A

Dyspnea

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10
Q

is useful only in cases of anoxia and when the respiratory tract is not completely obstructed

A

Oxygen therapy

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11
Q

This may be instituted by intermittent – positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) during open – thoracic surgery or paralysis with a muscle relaxant drugs or poisons

A

Artificial respiration

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12
Q

are drugs that increase the volume and fluidity of secretions in the respiratory tract.

A

expectorants

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13
Q

Directly – acting expectorants

A

● Eucalyptus
● Pine oil
● Camphor
● Lemon oil
● Potassium iodide

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14
Q

Indirectly – acting expectorants

A

● Ammonium carbonate
● Ammonium chloride
● Potassium iodide
● Potassium citrate
● Guaifenesin

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15
Q

ɑ - Adrenergic stimulants drugs that inhibit respiratory secretion

A

● Phenylephrine
● Phenylpropanolamine
● Oxymethazoline
● Propylhexedrine
● Tuaminoheptane

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16
Q

blocks the effcts of histamine & provoked increase respiratory secretions. Not too effective in domestic animals

A

Antihistamine

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17
Q

used in preventing excessive resp. secretions due to cholinergic stimulation ex: during organophosphate poisoning,

A

Anticholinergic

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18
Q

example of drug in anticholinergic?

A

Atropine sulfate

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19
Q

this stimulant constrict blood vessels in mucus & upper resp. tract, therefore decreasing their leakniss (decongestant action), Orally or by Installation of external nares

A

a-Adrenergic stimulants

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20
Q

are almost always the best choice for inhibiting or reducing respiratory secretions:

A

a-Adrenergic stimulants

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21
Q

this are use to degrade & liquefy inflammation debris & liquefying inflammation debris,

A

Mucolytics & proteolytic enzymes

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22
Q

what are the 2 notable use of mucolytics ?

A
  1. acetylcysteine
  2. bromhexine
23
Q

this breaks the disulfide bond result in liquefaction, it has an antidote of acetaminophen (paracetmol) poisoning, but it also has glutathione that neutralize reactive metabolities of paracetamol.

A

acetylcysteine

24
Q

acetylcysteine is best administered in?

A

installation through resp. tract

25
Q

this increase the volume & fluidity of resp. secretions, also increase concentration of immunoglobulin & of administration of oxytetracycline

A

Bromhexine

26
Q

bromhexin is also use in the tx of _______ in conjunction w/ antibiotic theraphy

A

infectious tracheobronchitis

27
Q

4 example of useful proteolytic enzyme?

A
  1. pancreatic dornase
  2. trypsin
  3. streptokinase
  4. streptodornase
28
Q

are drugs used to suppress cough.

A

antitussives

29
Q

a protective reflex initiated by the prescence of foreign materials in or by irritation of the resp. tract

A

cough

30
Q

3 categories of antitussives;

A
  1. Narcotic antitussives
  2. Non-narcotic antitussives
  3. local acting antitussives
31
Q

what are example of drugs in narcotic antitussives:

A
  1. codeine
  2. diheydrocodeine
  3. dihydrocodenone
  4. morphine
32
Q

this 2 narcotic antitussive has high degree of selectivity for the cough center

A

Codeine & hydrocodeine

33
Q

are highly efficacious for they are addicting & are subjected to dangerous drug control; toxic in cats

A

opiates

34
Q

what are the drugs in non-narcotic antitussives:

A
  1. dextromethorphan
  2. Noscapine
  3. Butorphanol
  4. Phenothiazine tranquilizers
35
Q

derivate of opiates but it’s not addicting, has little amount of analgesic activity & produces some degree of sedation

A

Dextromethorphan

36
Q

potent as dextromethorphan

A

Noscapine

37
Q

100x more potent than codeine & doesn’t have narcotic effect

A

butorphanol

38
Q

what are the example of local acting antitussives:

A
  1. Menthol
  2. Tincture of benzoin
  3. Benzonatate
39
Q

it act as directly on resp. mucous membranes to produce soothing or local anesthetic effect, administer orally or by inhilation

A

local acting antitussives

40
Q

3 ways coughing can be surppress:

A
  1. by REDUCING viscosity in the airways w/ mucolytics
  2. by IRRITATED resp. mucous membrane w/ local antitussives
  3. by DEPRESSION of the cough center in the brain w/ central antitussives
41
Q

causes relaxation of the bronchial smooth m. & increase the functional capacity of the respiratory tree. They also have dramatic ability to counter bronchoconstriction.

A

Bronchodilators

42
Q

5 endogenous substances that mediate bronchoconstrictions:

A
  1. acetylcholine
  2. histamine
  3. serotonine
  4. bradykinin
  5. prostaglandin
43
Q

are not tpo effective, it counteract bronchoconstriction caused by histamine released during allergic period, doesn’t have neutralizing effects

A

antihistamine

44
Q

can counteract acetylcholine & induce bronchoconstriction.

A

Anticholinergic

45
Q
A
46
Q

by presenting the release of histamine from mast cells, it’e useful as a prophylactic agent to prevent attacks in chronic bronchoconstriction disorder; it’s not a bronchodilator

A

cromolyn sodium

47
Q

_____ has dual action to cause bronchodilation & reduction of inflammation swelling of resp. tract; for acute attacks given IV, for chronic given ORALLY

A

corticosteroids

48
Q

a potent bronchodilators, can be used as refractories (tolerance); it’s a drug of choice in case of bronchoconstrictions

A

methylxanthines

49
Q

_____ is highly potent & efficacious drugs for the management of acute & chronic bronchoconstrictions

A

sympathomimetics

50
Q

_____ is very potent, prompt but transient bronchodilator action, stimulate beta & alpha adrenergic receptor. Not ideal use for chronic because of fleeting effect.

A

Epinephrine

51
Q

_____ is pure b2-adrenergic stimulator, comparable to epinephrine most effective if given orally.

A

Isoproterenol

52
Q

_____ is slower onset but has prolonged effect of about 4-6 hours, better used for chronic, less potent but is effective when give orally

A

ephedrine

53
Q

what are the selective bronchodilators:

A
  1. Albuterol
  2. Metaproterenol
  3. terbutaline
  4. clenbuterol
54
Q

________ are sympathetic drugs but are specific b1 adrenergic stimulant without effecting b1 receptor in the heart

A

Selective bronchodilators

SYSTEMIC PHARMACOLOGY (7 decks)

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