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3rd Qrtr > Science Reviewer > Flashcards

Science Reviewer Flashcards

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1
Q

The process in which blood and other tissues are shed from the uterus and leave the body through the vagina.

A

Menstruation

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2
Q

It is also called a menstrual period or menses.

A

Mentruation

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3
Q

Occurs on a monthly cycle throughout female reproductive life.

A

Menstruation

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4
Q

The first menstrual cycle.

A

Menarche

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5
Q

The first menstrual cycle occurs at the ages of

A

11 to 15

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6
Q

The time of a natural stopping of a woman’s menstrual cycle, and marks the end of fertility.

A

Menopause

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7
Q

Menopause happens between the ages of

A

45 to 55

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8
Q

is a term to describe the sequence of events that occur in your body as it prepares for the possibility of pregnancy each month.

A

Menstrual Cycle

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

Menstrual Phases (ENUMERATION)

A
  1. Menstruation Phase
  2. Follicular Phase
  3. Ovulation Phase
  4. Luteal Phase
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11
Q

During the menstrual phase, the lining of the uterus (endometrium) breaks down and is shed with some blood through the vagina. Menstrual bleeding usually lasts 5-7 days.​

A

Menstruation Phase

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12
Q

Hormones prompt the creation of follicles on the ovaries. Usually just one follicle will mature into an egg. This phase lasts 6-7 days.

A

Follicular Phase

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13
Q

Estrogen levels rise and the uterus starts thickening its lining and preparing for pregnancy.

A

Follicular Phase

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14
Q

The egg is released from the ovaries into the fallopian tubes. Ovulation occurs usually between the 12th and 14th day of the cycle.

A

Ovulation Phase

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15
Q

​
After the egg is released the uterine lining thickens even more in order to receive the egg.

A

Ovulation Phase

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16
Q

If the egg is not fertilized, and there is no pregnancy, the thickened lining of the uterus breaks down and is shed, and a cycle begins again. This usually lasts 12-14 days.

A

Luteal Phase

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17
Q

Is released from the hypothalamus in the brain. It controls the production of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary gland.

A

Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone

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18
Q

Stimulates the release of the egg (called ovulation).

A

Luteinizing Hormone

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19
Q

Stimulates estrogen and progesterone production.

A

Luteinizing Hormone

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20
Q

Causes growth of the uterine lining. Inhibits FSH.

A

Estrogen

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21
Q

Stimulates the release of LH and hence release of the egg. Inhibits LH after ovulation.

A

Estrogen

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22
Q

Maintains the uterine lining.

A

Progesterone

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23
Q

Prevents LH after ovulation.

A

Progesterone

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24
Q

is a small area in the center of the brain. It helps produce hormones that regulate heart rate, body temperature, hunger, and the sleep-wake cycle.

A

Hypothalamus

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25
Q

It secretes hormones that signal the reproductive organs to make sex hormones. Also controls ovulation and the menstrual cycle in women.​

A

Pituitary Gland

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26
Q

Process through which the level of one substance influences the level of another substance.

A

Feedback Mechanism

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27
Q

It refers to the state of balance within a system.​

A

Homeostasis

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28
Q

Any self-regulating process by which biological systems tend to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are optimal for survival.​

A

Homeostasis

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29
Q

rising levels of hormones feedback to increase hormone production.

A

Positive Feedback

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30
Q

rising levels of hormones give feedback to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to decrease the production of the hormones. ​

A

Negative Feedback

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31
Q

provides positive feedback to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

A

Estrogen

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32
Q

The substance that stimulates the production of a product is called

A

Stimulatory

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33
Q

The substance that inhibits the production of a product is called

A

Inhibitory

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34
Q

Study of living organisms and their interactions with each other and their environment.

A

Biology

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35
Q

Human reproductive system, organ system by which humans reproduce and bear live offspring.​

A

Reproductive System

36
Q

Functions of the male reproductive system:

A
  1. Produce, maintain, and transport sperm and protective fluid.
  2. Discharge sperm into the female reproductive tract during copulation.
  3. Produce and secrete male sex hormones.
37
Q

Production of sperm is called

A

Spermatogenesis

38
Q

Produces sperm and male sex hormones.

A

Testes

39
Q

A pouch of skin and muscle that hangs below the penis.

A

4 to 5 centimeters

40
Q

Outside of the body, and lowers the temperature to permit sperm production.

A

Testes

41
Q

the outer layer of the testis is called

A

tunica albuginea

42
Q

Spermatogenesis occurs here, which are highly coiled structure inside the testes.

A

Seminiferous Tubules

43
Q

Stores and matures sperm produced by the testes, allowing them to become motile.

A

Epididymis

44
Q

is a long, tightly coiled tube that is attached to the back of each testicle. It connects testes to vas deferens.​

A

Epididymis

45
Q

Capable of motion

A

Motile

46
Q

sperm duct

A

vas deferens

47
Q

Transports mature sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct during ejaculation.​

A

Vas deferens

48
Q

Carrying away vessel.

A

Vas Deferens

49
Q

Produce seminal fluid, a nutrient-rich fluid that nourishes and helps transport sperm.

A

Seminal Vesicle

50
Q

located behind your bladder but in front of your rectum, the tip of the vas deferens is near the vesicles.

A

Seminal Vesicles

51
Q

rich in nutrients, fructose, and prostaglandins, nourishes and protects sperm.

A

Seminal Fluids

52
Q

combines with sperm to form semen.​

A

Seminal Fluids

53
Q

Produces a milky fluid (seminal fluid) that contributes to semen, enhancing sperm motility and viability.

A

Prostate

54
Q

is a small, walnut-shaped organ. It’s below your bladder and in front of your rectum.

A

Prostate

55
Q

These small glands are located beneath the prostate gland in the male reproductive system and are responsible for producing a clear, viscous fluid that is released into the urethra.

A

Bulbourethral

56
Q

Serves as a duct for both urine and semen, carrying them out of the body through the penis during ejaculation.

A

Urethra

57
Q

runs through the penis and extends from the bladder to the external opening at the tip of the penis.​

A

Urethra

58
Q

a mixture of sperm and fluids from the prostate and seminal vesicles.

A

semen

59
Q

Parts of urethra

A

Prostatic
Membranous
Penile

60
Q

External organ that delivers sperm into the female reproductive system during sexual intercourse.

A

Penis

61
Q

Parts of the penis

A

Root
Shaft
Glans

62
Q

Functions of the Female Reproductive System

A
  1. Produces eggs
  2. Menstruation and hormone production
  3. Fertilization and pregnancy
63
Q

Oval-shaped glands that are located on either side of your uterus.

A

Ovaries

64
Q

the primary reproductive organs in females.

A

Ovaries

65
Q

produce hormones, including estrogen and progesterone, which regulate the menstrual cycle and have various effects on the body.

A

Ovaries

66
Q

along with the pituitary gland, regulate the menstrual cycle. The cycle involves the development and release of an egg, changes in the uterine lining, and hormonal fluctuations. The ovaries respond to hormonal signals from the pituitary gland, particularly luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), to orchestrate these processes.​

A

Ovaries

67
Q

responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty. (female)

A

Estrogen

68
Q

This hormone is crucial for preparing the uterine lining for a potential pregnancy. It helps maintain the uterine environment and supports the early stages of embryonic development.​

A

Progesterone

69
Q

Oviducts

A

Fallopian Tube

70
Q

These are narrow tubes that are attached to the upper part of your uterus and serve as pathways for your egg (ovum) to travel from your ovaries to your uterus. ​

A

Fallopian Tubes

71
Q

At the end of each fallopian tube nearest to the ovary, finger-like projections called fimbriae help capture the released egg during ovulation.​

A

Fimbriae

72
Q

Sperm typically travel through the uterus and into the fallopian tubes to meet the egg. ​

A

Fallopian Tube

73
Q

Fertilization occurs in the part of the fallopian tube

A

ampulla

74
Q

It can widen to accommodate a baby during delivery and then shrink back to hold something narrow like a tampon. It’s lined with mucous membranes that help keep it moist.​

A

Vagina

75
Q

Birth Canal

A

Vagina

76
Q

enclose and protect the other external reproductive organs.

A

Labia Majora

77
Q

They lie just inside your labia majora, and surround the opening to your vagina

A

Labia Minora

78
Q

Your two labia minora meet at your ___, a small, sensitive protrusion that’s comparable to a penis in men or people assigned male at birth (AMAB). Your clitoris is covered by a fold of skin called the prepuce and is very sensitive to stimulation.​

A

clitoris

79
Q

a piece of tissue covering or surrounding part of your vaginal opening. It’s formed during development and present during birth.​

A

Hymen

80
Q

are chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body. After being made in one part of the body, they travel to other parts of the body where they help control how cells and organs do their work.​

A

Hormones

81
Q

Milk

A

Prolactin

82
Q

Triggers the release of ovum from a mature ovarian follicle

A

LH

83
Q

Ruptured Follicle in LH

A

Corpus luteum

84
Q

Supports the production of progesterone during early pregnancy.

A

LH

85
Q

Leydig cells in testes acts on it

A

LH

86
Q
A

3rd Qrtr (6 decks)

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