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cyber security > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Source code?

A

Source code: Programming code in text format compiled into software you can run

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2
Q

What does closed source mean?

A

Closed source: Describes software that gives the end user little to no access to the source code and limited freedom to change and implement that software based on a very restrictive license compared to open-source licenses. Examples: Microsoft, UNIX, IBM z/OS

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3
Q

What is Linux Kernel?

A

Linux kernel: A foundational Linux component responsible for the low-level interface between an operating system and hardware

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4
Q

what is Bootloader?

A

Bootloader: Code run by a computer after it starts. The bootloader can then be pointed to the Linux kernel on storage/disk to start the Linux kernel (i.e., bootstrapping).

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5
Q

What are drivers?

A

Drivers: Software that makes computer devices available for use by applications. File system drivers “present” the filesystem to applications that save files.

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6
Q

What does the network do?

A

Network: Allows applications to communicate from a computer to other computers over wired (Ethernet) and wireless networks (IEEE 802.11)

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7
Q

What are Linux Security Modules do? (LSM)

A

Linux Security Modules (LSM): Primarily designed as enhanced access control
mechanisms called mandatory access control (MAC); including AppArmor, SELinux, Smack, and TOMOYO. Do not confuse this MAC with the layer 2 media access control addresses in Ethernet.

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8
Q

What are Processes, instances, and threads?

A

Processes, instances, and threads: Hardware resources and “time” to run (i.e., an instance) allocated by an operating system when code is run. This process can perform multiple activities, which are known as threads.

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9
Q

What are sessions?

A

Sessions: Consists of a group of processes. When users log in, applications and services
(known as daemons) are instantiated and grouped into process groups.

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10
Q

What does tty, pty: Teletype and pseudo-teletype mean?

A

tty, pty: Teletype and pseudo-teletype; terminal types used for interactive CLI and GUI applications

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11
Q

What is a Service (daemon)?

A

Service (daemon): A process that involves no interaction with a user

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12
Q

What are Applications?

A

Applications: Any process that the user can interact with

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13
Q

What is a password?

A

Password: A series of characters known by a user and used in conjunction with user
accounts to ensure a user’s identity

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14
Q

What is a login prompt?

A

Login prompt: Triggers applications and services (daemons) to instantiate and group into process groups when a user logs in

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15
Q

What is a Command-line interface (CLI)?

A

Command-line interface (CLI): A user interface that allows for typing commands within a Linux system; starts on bootup or launches from the graphical user interface (GUI) via the terminal emulator application

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16
Q

What is a Graphical user interface?

A

Graphical user interface (GUI): A user interface that provides interaction with a windowed environment to launch applications with a pointing device (e.g., a mouse); generally starts on
bootup

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17
Q

What is a GNU Core Utilities (coreutils)

A

GNU Core Utilities (coreutils): A foundational Linux component that provides common
commands integrated with the command-line interface (CLI). The coreutils package contains many common commands that include but are not limited to ls, mv, cp, touch, cat, and pwd.

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18
Q

What is a X server?

A

X server: A foundational Linux distro component that provides a graphical user interface
(GUI)

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19
Q

What is a Package Management?

A

Package management: A foundational component that provides software and service installation, updates, and removal

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20
Q

What does Client mean in regards to Lenux or networking?

A

Client: Requests resources or services from a server

21
Q

What does a Server do?

A

Server: Provides resources or services for a client

22
Q

How do computers use protocols?

A

Protocols: Used by computer systems to agree on how to communicate with one another over a network

23
Q

What are Vulnerabilities?

A

Vulnerabilities: Weakness in software or a system

24
Q

What are threats?

A

Threats: Actor that seeks to exploit vulnerabilities

25
Q

What are exploits?

A

Exploits: An action taken by an actor to compromise a system by using vulnerabilities

26
Q

what is ransomware?

A

Ransomware: Malware used to deprive organizations of access to their information until they pay a ransom

27
Q

What is a bot?

A

Bot: A system infected by malware that allows for remote command and control (C&C) of the infected systems

28
Q

What does C&C mean?

A

C&C: Command and control or C2; refers to systems that control already infected systems (bots) to launch various attacks (e.g., a DDoS or a coin-mining operation)

29
Q

How does a worm work and what is it?

A

Worms: Malware that propagates by detecting other systems on a network with specific vulnerabilities and then by replicating its code on the system to exploit those vulnerabilities

30
Q

What does DDoS stand for and what does it do?

A

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS): An attack that uses C&C and bots to send traffic to systems that overwhelm those systems

31
Q

What is Kali Linux?

A

Kali Linux: A popular Linux distro that includes many useful security tools

32
Q

What is Endpoint Security?

A

Endpoint security: Security controls installed on endpoint systems, such as computers

33
Q

What is Anti-Malware?

A

Anti-Malware: Software or tools designed to detect, prevent, and remove malicious
software (malware) from computer systems, protecting them from cyber threats such as
viruses, ransomware, and spyware

34
Q

What is ClamAV?

A

ClamAV: A toolkit and malware detection engine that can quickly scan files

35
Q

How does a firewall work?

A

Firewall: A system or device that has configurable rules that protect systems from other hosts on the network

36
Q

What are iptables?

A

iptables: A firewall software package for Linux systems

37
Q

What doe DDoS mitigation mean?

A

DDoS mitigation: The people, processes, and technology involved in thwarting a DDoS attack

38
Q

What is ClamAV ?

A

ClamAV is an open source (GPLv2) anti-virus toolkit, designed especially for e-mail scanning on mail gateways. It provides a number of utilities including a flexible and scalable multi-threaded daemon, a command line scanner and advanced tool for automatic database updates. The core of the package is an anti-virus engine available in a form of shared library.

Tip: ClamAV is not a traditional anti-virus or endpoint security suite. For a fully featured modern endpoint security suite, check out Cisco Secure Endpoint.

ClamAV is brought to you by Cisco Systems, Inc.

39
Q

what is hardening?

A

Hardening: An all-encompassing term that describes tools, controls, and processes used to increase infrastructure security

40
Q

What is user configuration?

A

User configuration: Proper password rules and user setup, which are critical to server
security and required in modern server software

41
Q

What are business requirements in regards to security?

A

Business requirements: The processes, assets, people, and practices that are necessary for a business to operate and that must be considered when assessing security updates

42
Q

What is over hardening?

A

“Over hardening”: Occurs when the application of security controls impacts the ability of users to work on a system (i.e., availability is impacted)

43
Q

What is under hardening?

A

“Under hardening”: Occurs when there are insufficient security controls in place to address risks identified in the risk management process

44
Q

What is access control?

A

Access control: A security control that endeavors to limit access to individuals who need permission to obtain specific information

45
Q

What is baselining?

A

Baselining: A standard set of security configurations applied to a set of similar systems in an organization

46
Q

What are security controls?

A

Security controls: Any administrative, technological, or physical controls used to implement proper security

47
Q

What is a host firewall?

A

Host firewall: A generic term for a firewall installed on a host system. Example:
iptables/nftables

48
Q

What is patching?

A

Patching: Software updates that remediate security vulnerabilities

cyber security (7 decks)

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