B1.1.2 Bacterial Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a unicellular organism

A

One of which consist of just one cell

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2
Q

Every single cell of bacteria can carry out the seven life processes. What are they?

A

Movement
Reproduction
Sensitivity
Growth
Respiration
Excretion
Nutrition

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3
Q

Size of most bacteria

A

1um

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4
Q

What are prokaryotes

A

Single celled organisms without a nucleus

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5
Q

Examples of prokaryotes

A

Escherichia coli- cause food poisoning
Streptococcus- cause sore threats
Streptomyces- found in the soil. The antibiotic streptomycin comes from these bacteria, kills many disease causing bacteria

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6
Q

Which sub cellular structures do prokaryotic cells contain

A

Cytoplasm
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Genetic material

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7
Q

Function of cell wall

A

Made of peptidoglycan - holding the cell together and protects it

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8
Q

Genetic material

A

Floats freely in cytoplasm
One long strand of dna called the bacterial chromosome which is circular

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9
Q

What are the extra subcellular structures of bacterial cells

A

Flagella
Pili
Slime capsule
Plasmid

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10
Q

Function of flagella

A

Tail like structures that allow the cell to move through liquids

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11
Q

Function of pili

A

Tiny hairlike structures
Enable the cell to attach to structures
Transfer genetic material between bacteria

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12
Q

Function of slime capsule

A

Layer outside cell wall
Protects bacterium from drying out and from poisonous substances
Helps bacteria stick to smooth surfaces

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13
Q

Function of Plasmid

A

Circular piece of dna used to store extra genes
The genes aren’t normally needed for bacterium’s day to day survival but may help in times of stress
Eg. This is where antibiotic resistance genes are normally found

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14
Q

Some species of Salmonella bacteria cause food poisoning. On average, these cells have a width of 2 um. Assuming the bacteria fit side by side, calculate:

a) the number of bacteria that would fit into a gap of 1 mm (3 marks)

b) the size, in mm, of a colony of 20000 Salmonella bacteria lined up end to end (2 marks)

A

a) Convert the width of one bacterium from micrometers to millimeters:
1mm=1000um
2 um = 0.002 mm

1mm/0.002 mm = 500 bacteria

b) 0.002mm*20000 = 40mm

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15
Q

Why do leaf cells have chloroplasts and root cells don’t

A

Chloroplasts are only found in green areas of the plant such as stem and leaves.
These are higher up the plant as they take in the energy provided by the sun for photosynthesis.
As roots are underground, they don’t have access to sunlight and therefore don’t require chloroplasts.

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16
Q

Suggest why it is important for muscle cells to contain many mitochondria: (1)

A

In order to provide enough energy for the muscle cells to enable movement.

17
Q

Algae are eukaryotic organisms. They live in water and make their own food using photosynthesis. State and
explain which subcellular features you would expect to find in an algal cell.
(6 marks)

A

Cell membrane - to allow selected substances into or out of the cell
Cell wall - to provide structure
Chloroplasts - to allow the algal cell to produce its own food via photosynthesis
Cytoplasm - where the cell reactions take place
Mitochondria - to release energy for the algal cells
Nucleus - to control the activities of the algal cells
Vacuole - to keep the cells rigid
[each worth 1 mark]

18
Q

Two similarities between a plant and a bacterial cell

A

Both have a cell wall, cytoplasm and cell membrane

19
Q

What are the differences between plant and bacterial cells?

A

Plant cells have chloroplasts, permanent vacuole and nucleus unlike bacterial cells