external factors (cultural deprivation)

Question 1

what is cultural deprivation?

Answer 1

being deprived of cultural attributes necessary for educational success

Question 2

parental attitudes -wc parents

Answer 2

-wc parents often have poor experience of education themselves, not see it valuable
-pass on these values to children through socialisation = make wc children disengaged and demotivated
-wc parent not comfortable in school environment, choose not to attend parents evening= disadvantage children

Question 3

parental attitudes-mc parents

Answer 3

support values + decisions of school and are actively engaged in their child education

Question 4

what did sociologist Douglas find in the 1960s?

Answer 4

found that parental attitudes was most significant in affecting attainment

Question 5

what did Fernstein (2003) find?

Answer 5

found that material deprivation had some effect on achievement but that cultural deprivation was much more important= parental involvement and support largely determines child’s success

Question 6

Goodman and Gregg(2010)

Answer 6

agreed with feinstein
-identified cultural factors that helped low educational achievement among poor children

Question 7

Goodman and Gregg(2010) cultural factors that helped low educational achievement among poor children:

Answer 7

-quality of mother-child interactions and the amount of time parents spent with children(attending schools, helping with homework,discussing school reports)

• overall value placed on education by the parent

-extend of negative behaviour by the children(for example truancy) compared to positive behavior (participation in sport)

Question 8

subculture values
Sugarman-parental attitudes
what time orientation does wc have?

Answer 8

present-time orientation
live life in moment rather than worry about future
fatalistic attitude

Question 9

subculture values
Sugarman-parental attitudes
what time orientation does mc have?

Answer 9

future-time orientation
think about + worry for future plans

Question 10

subculture values
Sugarman-parental attitudes
gratification of wc

Answer 10

seek immediate gratification
-enjoy yourself now, spend wage when you receive it

Question 11

subculture values
Sugarman-parental attitudes
gratification of mc

Answer 11

deferred gratification attitude

Question 12

subculture values
Sugarman-parental attitudes
collectivism and individualism - wc

Answer 12

success achieved through collective action e.g union going on strike

Question 13

subculture values
Sugarman-parental attitudes
collectivism and individualism-mc

Answer 13

individualism= self-focused

Question 14

subculture values
Sugarman-parental attitudes
attitudes to luck-wc

Answer 14

your chance in life based upon luck or fate= fatalism

Question 15

subculture values
Sugarman-parental attitudes
attitude to luck - mc

Answer 15

do not count on luck, take actual action
actively work = chances based on hardwork

Question 16

language (speech codes) what sociologist speaks about this?

Answer 16

Bernstein = argues speech shapes educational acheivement

Question 17

what does Bernstein argue?

Answer 17

different social classes are socialised to speak using different speech codes

Question 18

what two codes does Bernstein distinguish?

Answer 18

-restricted code= involves simpler use of language + used by wc students, contains grammatical errors, simple short sentences

-elaborated code=used by mc, contains wider vocab, more complex long sentences, is anlaytical

Question 19

parents education-Douglas (1964) middle-class parents are more likely to?

Answer 19

have achieved better in education and have higher qualifications

Question 20

parents education-Douglas (1964)
parenting style

Answer 20

mc parents more likely to emphasise discipline + high expectations

Question 21

parents education-Douglas (1964)
parents educational behaviour

Answer 21

mc parents more likely to read to their children
help with hw
attend events e.g parent evenings

Question 22

parents education-Douglas (1964)
more income

Answer 22

mc parents earn more because of their education = high-income correlates to higher educational achievement for students

Question 23

parents education-Douglas (1964)
use of income

Answer 23

mc parents more likely to spend their income in ways benefitting child’s education

Question 24

compensatory education

Answer 24

compensatory education programmes aim to tackle cultural deprivation by providing resources to schools in deprived areas
e.g
-improving parenting skills
-home visits by educational psychologists

Question 25

evaluation of cultural external factors
Keddie (1973)

Answer 25

cultural deprivation is a ‘myth’ that blames the victime=wc students culturally different,not culturally deprived

Question 26

evaluation of cultural external factors
Troyna and Williams (1986)

Answer 26

language is not the problem,s chools attitude towards language is
teachers have a ‘speech hierarchy’- mc, wc, black speec

Question 27

evaluation of cultural external factors
Evans(2007)

Answer 27

most wc parents placed a very high value on education+ did encourage their children to do well