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History of Interiors > Later Middle Ages > Flashcards

Later Middle Ages Flashcards

1
Q

Gothic

A

12th-15th centuries

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2
Q

13th century

A

greater attention to secular architecture
Colleges, castles, fortifications, town halls, and domestic architecture

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3
Q

Greater attention to domestic comfort

A

more specialized rooms to meet new functions

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4
Q

Feudal system and prevailing unsettled conditions influenced, what?

A

domestic architecture

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5
Q

Early Middle Ages domestic architecture

A

Small windows
Very thick walls
Remotely located stairs

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6
Q

Hammer and beam construction

A

short beams perpendicular to the wall plate supported by brace below, arched braces above

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7
Q

Why use wooden members against white walls

A

to display how the building is being supported

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8
Q

Why is the Great Hall plan very important

A

Severed vs serving

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9
Q

How is the great hall plan laid out?

A

with less important people spaces to the left with increasing impotence as you walk to the other side

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10
Q

what are the two farthest spaces of the great hall

A

kitchen and butler to Table of the Lord

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11
Q

Table of lord space is raised to give more importance

A

Has oriel window for light and view
Seats are numbered and predetermined

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12
Q

Middle of hall has large benches with table

A

No personal space not determined how many sit there

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13
Q

Major gothic domestic room types

A

the great hall
parlor
the chamber
long gallery

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14
Q

The great hall purpose

A

Communal living, social space, of medieval times. Used for sleeping, dining, amusement, and for executive purposes. Main purpose was dining

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15
Q

great hall features

A

Usually 2 stories in height
Entrance through screens
The focal point of the hall was dais, a raised platform reserved for the lord to oversee his subjects
Elevated position and decorative enhancement of the dais proclaimed hierarchical status of the lord

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16
Q

parlor purpose

A

An informal space adjacent to the hall used as a sitting room, dining room

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17
Q

parlor origin

A

Its origin is uncertain
Earliest use was in monasteries

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18
Q

parlor dates

A

14th century marked the secular use of parlor
By the early 16th century it was used exclusively as a dining and reception room

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19
Q

the chamber purpose earlier

A

Earlier fulfilled the need for greater privacy, solitude, or comfort of the lord.
Occasionally private meals were taken in the chamber

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20
Q

the chamber purpose later

A

became typical to locate it on the ground floor
Factors which caused the chamber to transform into a social space:
The decision of the king to move the great high table into the chamber
The removal of the bed
Use of chamber for more public and ceremonial occasions.

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21
Q

15th to 16th century design

A

Ornament overwhelmed the structure
Decorative geometry becomes more important than the simple structure

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22
Q

TRUSS

A

(A rigid frame usually of a triangular arrangement)

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23
Q

The timber framing of the open trusses of the hall was…

A

the most significant in terms of articulation of interior space

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24
Q

BROWN & WHITE CONSTRUCTION

A

Wooden frame structure, then filled with brick
or mud. Stucco is applied over the filling material.

25
Q

Linenfold Paneling

A

motif which resembled loosely folded linen became popular in 15th century

26
Q

why was wooden paneling used late into the middle ages

A

Used instead of fabric because fabric was still expensive and in small amounts

27
Q

Factors that shaped Gothic Furniture:

A

Unsettled conditions - war, have to leave places fast
Monastic communities - simple life, simple design made for comfort
Guilds in maintaining standards of workmanship
Correlation between architecture and interior design
Outer shell/form/structure and interior are connected

28
Q

what is the primary material for furniture in the middle ages

A

wood

29
Q

English used what type of wood?

A

Oak and rarely Chesnut

30
Q

French used what type of wood?

A

Walnut

31
Q

primary means of adornment in middle ages

A

Carving, painting and the application of textiles to furniture

32
Q

Blind Tracery

A

Carving was cut into but not through the piece

33
Q

Pierced tracery

A

Carving penetrated and was cut through the piece

34
Q

One of the most costly piece of furniture was the ____ and why?

A

bed because textiles were expensive

35
Q

Dado

A

wooden paneling up to chair height

36
Q

Wainscot

A

wooden paneling up to the ceiling or higher than chair height

37
Q

Norman

A

The english term for Romanesque (166-1200)

38
Q

Early English

A

Gothic work of 13th century

39
Q

when did middle age cathedrals become decorated

A

14th century

40
Q

shape of Middle age cathedrals

A

Perpendicular - last phase of English Gothic work

41
Q

The first building with clearly gothic characteristics

A

Abbey Church of Saint-Denis

42
Q

Abbey Church of Saint-Denis

A

Paris 1140

43
Q

Abbey Church of Saint-Denis designer

A

Abbot Suger

44
Q

purpose of Abbey Church of Saint-Denis

A

Was used as a tool to establish prominence of Capetian monarchy
Architecture as a political tool

45
Q

how did middle age style spread

A

throughout the Capetian domains

46
Q

Abbey Churches at the time were home to…

A

Important religious relics and
became a visiting point for people to see

47
Q

Trefoil and quatrefoil

A

Used in architectural elements both exterior and interior
Also for interior furniture

48
Q

Gargoyles

A

Used in exterior and interior

49
Q

Vaults

A

Barrel vault
Groin vault
Rib vault
Fan vault

50
Q

Wells Cathedral

A

England 1175-1240

51
Q

Ribbed design on arches elongates the interior

A

Plays with light and shadow
Breaks large stone pillars into small parts
Lighter interior to see

52
Q

Wells Cathedral light

A

A lot more light than romanesque churches

53
Q

S. Chapelle

A

Paris 1242-1248

54
Q

S. Chapelle features

A

Gold leaf
Pointed arches
stained glass

55
Q

what do pointed arches do

A

Souring interior volumes
Makes it feel lighter

56
Q

S. Chapelle stained glass

A

used more than the romanesque period

57
Q

Temple of Solomon painting

A

1400’s

58
Q

what is strange about the Temple of Solomon painting

A

Very old building, but painting shows a newer design
Shows that people of the time interpreted the design by what they saw around them in present day

59
Q

Cathedral of Notre Dame

A

Paris France 1220-1288

History of Interiors (16 decks)

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