Hydrosphere Unit Review

Question 1

Erosion

Answer 1

Mechanical and chemical of breaking down geosphere into smaller bits.

Question 2

Deposition

Answer 2

Stage in erosion process, dropping down or depositing of rocks and minerals into new places.

Question 3

Tides

Answer 3

Daily changes in the level of ocean water.

Question 4

Currents

Answer 4

The streams of water that flow constantly on the ocean surface in definite directions.

Question 5

Spring Tides

Answer 5

Occur during new and full moons. Have the greatest tidal range.

Question 6

Neap Tide

Answer 6

Occur when the first and third quarters of the moon. Smallest tidal range.

Question 7

Tidal range

Answer 7

Difference between the highest and lowest ocean level tides.

Question 8

Porosity

Answer 8

Space available for liquids or gases to occupy.

Question 9

Permeable

Answer 9

Ability of liquids or gases to move through.

Question 10

Fluvial Processes

Answer 10

Physical interaction of flowing water and the natural channels of rivers and streams

Question 11

Aquifers

Answer 11

Underground storages of water covered by layers of permeable rocks.

Question 12

Recharge rate

Answer 12

Water that enters aquifers.

Question 13

Groundwater

Answer 13

Freshwater below the ground.

Question 14

Permafrost

Answer 14

Permanently frosted ground.

Question 15

Cryosphere

Answer 15

Any part of the Earth covered by frozen water.

Question 16

Paleoclimatology

Answer 16

Study of the Earth’s atmosphere in prehistoric time.

Question 17

Headwaters

Answer 17

The source of a river, where it begins

Question 18

Mouth

Answer 18

Where river ends, meet a larger body of water

Question 19

Divide

Answer 19

Area of higher elevation that separate watersheds

Question 20

Watershed

Answer 20

The area drained by a river system

Question 21

Channel

Answer 21

The path that the river flows over

Question 22

Tributaries

Answer 22

Stream or river that flows into a larger one

Question 23

Confluence

Answer 23

The point where two rivers meet

Question 24

Sinuous

Answer 24

Irregular curves, medium age river

Question 25

Meandering

Answer 25

Slow, large curves, very low gradient, old

Question 26

Braided

Answer 26

Large alluvium drop breaks up channels

Question 27

Straight

Answer 27

Youngest river, near geologic faults

Question 28

Ephemeral

Answer 28

Those that flow only during and after a precipitation event

Question 29

Perennial

Answer 29

Rivers that flow year round

Question 30

Intermittent

Answer 30

Rivers that stop flow at least 2 times in 5 years

Question 31

Exotic

Answer 31

Those that start in one climate and end in a very dry area

Question 32

Continental Ice Sheets

Answer 32

-Lots of ice covering non-mountainious land
-In Greenland & Antartica

Question 33

Alpine Glaciers

Answer 33

-Ice that accumulates near the top of a mountain and flows downhill
-Reffered to as Valley Glaciers

Question 34

Three Main Types of Categories for Uses of Water

Answer 34

1. Agriculture
2. Industrial
3. Municipial

Question 35

Gradient Formula

Answer 35

Rise/Run x 100

Question 36

World’s Largest Watershed

Answer 36

Amazon Basin

Question 37

Crevasses

Answer 37

Large cracks in ice that are formed by glacial movements

Question 38

Ice Caps

Answer 38

Glaciers, found in mountains, but cover areas larger than a valley

Question 39

Advancing Glaciers

Answer 39

When glaciers gain more mass over time than they lose they are called advanced glaciers

Question 40

Glaciers fall downhill due to….

Answer 40

the gravitational force created by the weight of the ice

Question 41

Discharge

Answer 41

The amount of water being carried at any given time by a river is called a discharge

Question 42

Floodplain

Answer 42

The area of flat land vulnerable to flooding that surrounds a river called a floodplain

Question 43

As we go deeper into the ocean….

Answer 43

temperatures decrease and pressure increases

Question 44

Erosion causes rivers….

Answer 44

V-Shaped Valleys & Canyons

Question 45

Deposition causes rivers….

Answer 45

Meanders & Deltas

Question 46

Erosion causes groundwater…

Answer 46

Caves & Sinkholes

Question 47

Deposition causes groundwater…

Answer 47

Stalagmites & Stalactites

Question 48

Erosion causes glaciers….

Answer 48

Fjords & Aretes

Question 49

Deposition causes glaciers…

Answer 49

Mardine & Erratics