Lecture 1

Question 1

What is structure programming

Answer 1

Structured programming (SP) is a technique that was devised to improve the reliability and clarity of programs.

Question 2

In SP control of program flow is restricted to?

Answer 2

In Structured programming (SP) control of program flow is restricted to three structures, sequence, selection and iteration.

Question 3

What is modular programming

Answer 3

Modular programming is a general programming concept that emphasizes separating the functionality of a program into independent, interchangeable modules, such that each contains everything necessary to execute only one aspect of the desired functionality

Question 4

What do you mean by code is easier to read for modular programming

Answer 4

Modular programming involves breaking down code into smaller functions, each handling a specific aspect of the overall functionality.

This approach enhances readability by organizing code into manageable units

Question 4

Why moular programming?

Answer 4

Code is easier to read
Code is easier to test
Reusability
Easier to collaborate

Question 5

What do you mean code is easier to test

Answer 5

Software that’s split into distinct modules is also ideal for testing.

That’s because tests can be much
stricter and more detailed when you test small functions that do less, compared to big functions that do a number of things.

Question 6

Why is code more reusable in modular programming

Answer 6

Modularity in programming prevents redundant code by centralizing common functions or code snippets in a single source, facilitating reuse across different sections of a program.

Question 7

Why is it easier to collaborate

Answer 7

Modular programming is essential where multiple teams need to work on different components of a program

Question 8

Why do people still write spaghetti code

Answer 8

1. Code size: Modularity can increase code size and impact performance if you can’t tree shake your dependencies
2. Complexity - Sometimes complex file systems aren’t necessary and can add unnecessary overhead
3. Security - Monolithic code can make it harder for people to mess with code that the original developer doesn’t want changed, hacked, or pirated

Question 9

What is stepwise refinement

Answer 9

Stepwise Refinement is the process of breaking down a programming problem into a series of steps.

Question 10

What is Object Oriented Programming

Answer 10

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a way of writing code that focuses on creating “objects” which contain both data (like information about a person) and the functions, or actions, that can be performed with that data (like making the person walk or talk).

It helps organize code better and makes it easier to work with, especially in larger projects.

Question 11

What is a class?

Answer 11

In programming, a class is like a blueprint or a template for creating objects.

It defines the properties (attributes or variables) and behaviors (methods or functions) that all objects of that class will have.

Question 12

What are attributes

Answer 12

Attributes are the individual things that differentiate one object from another and determine the appearance, state, or other qualities of that object.

Question 13

What is a behaviour of a class

Answer 13

In programming, a behavior refers to the actions or functions that an object can perform. In the context of object-oriented programming (OOP), behaviors are typically defined as methods within a class

Question 14

What is a constructor

Answer 14

A constructor is a special member function in a class that is automatically called when an object of that class is created.

Question 15

Describe Encapsulation

Answer 15

OOP provides the ability to encapsulate data and behavior into a single unit called an object.

Question 16

Describe Polymorphism

Answer 16

Polymorphism is an object-oriented programming concept that refers to the ability of an object to take on multiple forms.

Question 17

Describe Abstraction

Answer 17

Abstraction allows you to represent complex real-world objects in a simplified manner.

Question 18

What is message passing

Answer 18

Message passing is the sending of a message from one object to another.

Question 19

Describe Inherintance

Answer 19

Inheritance: Inheritance is a mechanism that allows a new class to be based on an existing class.

Question 20

Mention 5 types inherintance

Answer 20

Single inheritance
Multiple inheritance
Multilevel inheritance
Hierarchical inheritance
Hybrid Inheritance

Question 21

Describe Single Inherintance

Answer 21

Single inheritance: Single inheritance is a type of inheritance in which a subclass inherits from a single superclass.

Question 22

Describe Multiple inherintance

Answer 22

Multiple inheritance: Multiple inheritance is a type of inheritance in which a subclass inherits from multiple super classes.

Question 23

Describe Multilevel Inherintance

Answer 23

Multilevel inheritance: Multilevel inheritance is a type of inheritance in which a subclass inherits from a superclass, which in turn inherits from another superclass.

Question 24

Describe hierarchical

Answer 24

Hierarchical inheritance: Hierarchical inheritance is a type of inheritance in which a single superclass is inherited by multiple subclasses.

Question 25

Describe hybrid inherintance

Answer 25

Hybrid Inheritance: Hybrid inheritance is a combination of more than two types of inheritances single and multiple.

Question 26

What is Access Modifiers

Answer 26

Access modifiers are keywords that control the visibility of class members

Question 27

How many types of access modifiers

Answer 27

Public
Default – No keyword required
Protected
Private

Question 28

Describe public access modifier

Answer 28

A public class, method, or variable can be accessed from anywhere in the program. It has the highest level of accessibility.

Question 29

Describe default access modifier

Answer 29

A default class, method, or variable can be accessed within the same package, but not outside of it.

Question 30

Describe protected

Answer 30

A protected class, method, or variable can be accessed within the same package and subclasses of the class in any package.

Question 31

Describe private

Answer 31

A private class, method, or variable can only be accessed within the same class. It has the lowest level of accessibility.

Question 32

What is an interface

Answer 32

An Interface in Java programming language is defined as an abstract type used to specify the behavior of a class.
An interface in Java is a blueprint of a class.

Question 33

A java interface contains

Answer 33

A Java interface contains static constants and abstract methods.

Question 34

An interface tries to achieve

Answer 34

Abstraction

Question 35

What are packages

Answer 35

Packages in Java are a way of grouping together related classes and interfaces.

Question 36

What is JFrame

Answer 36

JFrame is a top-level container that represents the main window of a Java Swing application.

It provides the basic framework for the application’s user interface, including the title bar, window decorations, and the main content area where other components can be added.

Question 37

What is JPanel

Answer 37

JPanel is a container that can be added to a JFrame or another JPanel. It provides a way to organize and group together other components such as buttons, labels, text fields, and more

Question 38

What is JButton