Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Question 1

Inheritance or heredity

Answer 1

One generation passes characteristic traits on to the next

Question 2

Genetics

Answer 2

the study of heredity and variation

Question 3

Genes (definition)

Answer 3

units of heredity encoded in DNA

Question 4

Locus

Answer 4

Physical location of a gene on a chromosome

Question 5

DNA is…

Answer 5

a polymer made of four nucleotides

Question 6

What are nucleotides made of?

Answer 6

A base, a sugar, and a phosphate

Question 7

What are the nucleotides?

Answer 7

A, T, G, C

Question 8

Two DNA strands form a…

Answer 8

double helix

Question 9

Genes (function)

Answer 9

Sequences of nucleotides that direct protein production

Question 10

Diploid

Answer 10

Human somatic cells: 23 chromosome pairs

2n = 46 in humans

Question 11

Haploid

Answer 11

Gametes: 23 chromosomes

n = 23 in humans

Question 12

Karyotype

Answer 12

a display of homologous chromosome pairs

Question 13

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 13

same genes/traits

Question 14

Somatic cells

Answer 14

all chromosomes other than sex cells

Question 15

Fertilization

Answer 15

Two haploid gametes form a diploid zygote

Question 16

Meiosis

Answer 16

reductive cell division in the gonads

Question 17

Meiosis I

Answer 17

homologous chromosomes separate into two cells

Question 18

Meiosis II

Answer 18

sister chromatids separate into two cells