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FUNDA PRELIMS > HISTORY OF NURSING > Flashcards

HISTORY OF NURSING Flashcards

1
Q

instinctive or untaught; largely based on common sense based on effects of past experience, not based on scientific training or formal education

A

INTUITIVE NURSING

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2
Q

custodian or nurse in nomadic tribes

A

women

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3
Q

evil invasion; voodoo or black magic

A

illness

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4
Q

( witch doctor/medicine man) – has white magic ( healing power )

A

Shaman

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5
Q

hole drilled in the skull via rock or stone without anesthesia

A

Trephination

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6
Q
  • Roots of Western civilization
  • Birthplace of Judaism, Christianity, and Mohammedanism
A

NURSING IN THE NEAR EAST

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7
Q

Metropolis of the near East

A

Babylonia

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8
Q

ruler from 1945 B.C. to 1902 B.C.

A

King Hammurabi

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9
Q

no mention of nursing; provided laws that covered every facet of Babylonian life including medical practice

A

Code of Hammurabi

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10
Q

Embalming was introduced; Record of 250 diseases; Still no mention of nursing

A

Egypt

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11
Q

strongly believes in spirits and demons

A

china

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12
Q

❖Prescribed methods of treating wounds, infections, and muscular afflictions

A

Materia Medica ( Pharmacology )

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13
Q

No mention of nursing but presumed female as in-charge of nursing the sick

A

China

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14
Q
  • Men of medicine built hospitals
  • Practice intuitive form of asepsis
A

INDIA

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15
Q

absence of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.

A

Asepsis

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16
Q

Proficient in the practice of __________ and _________.

A

medicine
surgery

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17
Q

Nursing was first mentioned in this era, by the first
lay brothers or the priest nurses

A

India

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18
Q

(written 200 or 300 B.C.) made a list of functions and qualifications of the priest-nurses

A

Sushurutu/Susruta

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19
Q

described as combination of pharmacists, masseurs, physical therapists and cooks.

A

priest-nurses

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20
Q

Contributed to the decline of medical practice
when the religion itself fell in this era.

A

Buddhism

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21
Q
  • Nursing was task of untrained slave
  • Women were considered inferior to men.
A

GREECE

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22
Q

Father of Medicine in Greek Mythology

A

Aesculapius

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23
Q
  • Symbol of identity of medical profession today.
  • Composed of the staff travelers intertwined with 2 serpents
A

Caduceus

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24
Q

Father of Medicine in Reality
- Was given the title father of medicine due to his
notable contributions to medical practice.
- Developed philosophy of medicine and
practiced medical ethics.
- Rejected the belief that the origin of disease
could be found in the supernatural.
- Did not entrust care of the sick to untrained lay
persons but to medical students; so the role of nurses wasn’t also mentioned.

A

Hippocrates

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25
Q

In this era, Illness was considered a sign of weakness.

A

Rome

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26
Q
  • Beginning of Organized Nursing
  • Built hospitals were staffed by religious orders who
    dedicated their lives to the care of the patients
A

Apprentice Nursing

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27
Q

Considered as “Holy Wars” during which the christian soldiers fought to recapture the holy land from the muslims.

A

Crusaders

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28
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Organized nursing was found in the convent, secular and mendicant or begging orders

A

FALSE; Organized nursing was found in the MILITARY, secular and mendicant or begging orders

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29
Q

fought in the battlefield and after every fight would retire to nurse the wounded.

A

KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM (Rhodes, Malta) & Teutonic Knights

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30
Q

established their hospitals primarily for nursing of the lepers

A

KNIGHTS OF SAINT LAZARUS

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31
Q

• Founded in 1348
• Established the Alexian Brothers Hospital School of Nursing in Chicago which was the largest school of nursing under religious auspices operated exclusively for men in the U.S.
• Closed in 1969
-LARGEST SCHOOL OF NURSING UNDER RELIGIOUS AUSPICES.

A

Alexian Brothers

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32
Q

Founded by queens, princesses, and other royal ladies

A

RELIGIOUS NURSING ORDERS

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33
Q

• Where the Augustinian nurses nursed the patients
• Hospitals then were poorly ventilated, mattresses were hard and cleaned only 3x a year, beds were shared by 2 or 3 patients, laundry was done by nurses, linens were sometimes washed in the nearby river

A

HOTEL DIEU ( in Paris )

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34
Q

Arose in the12th to 16th centuries

A

Nursing Saints

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35
Q
  • founder of the 2nd order of St. Francis of Assisi
  • took care of the sick particularly the lepers in
    the convent of San Damiano
A

ST. CLARE ( 1194 – 1253 )

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36
Q
  • the first to be called the “Lady with a Lamp”
  • nursed patients in the hospital of Santa Maria
    de la Scala and in their homes
A

ST. CATHERINE OF SIENNA ( 1347- 1380)

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37
Q

when did the BUBONIC PLAGUE struck Sienna?

A

1347

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38
Q

• Organized the works of charity so as they could have directions
• Founder of “The Community of the Sisters of Charity” who were dedicated to serving God in caring for the sick, the poor, the orphaned, and the widowed

A

VINCENT DE PAUL

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39
Q

Vincent De Paul organized a group of women and then named them __ _______

A

La Charite

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40
Q

Co-foundress and the first superior of the charity of vincent de paul.

A

LOUISE DE GRAS ( nee de MARILLAC )

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41
Q

An era that gave arise to some violent conflicts; protentantism

A

the reformation

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42
Q
  • Head of the Reformation Movement ; initiated some significant changes in the church and society to counter act some abuses.
    .
A

Martin Luther

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43
Q

• A movement that encouraged a virtuous Christian life but discouraged violent conflicts; upheld some of the changes initiated by Martin Luther
• Focused on peaceful means of change through prayers and witnessing to a life of sacrifice

A

THE COUNTER-REFORMATION

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44
Q
  • Rise of progress in arts and culture but NOT in moral and religious values
  • Society was filled with thieves due to social deprivations
  • Care of the sick was entrusted to those who were proven guilty of a crime of theft.
  • Care takers were not given humane facilities like food and quarters, so all the more they got buried into evil deeds like stealing the patients’ foods, accepting bribes, etc.
    All the above contributed to why the 17th and 19th centuries were considered to be the DARK AGE of society ( hence, concurrently, the dark period of Nursing)
A

Reneissance (Rebirth)

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45
Q

Writer who depicted the inhuman situation of the care takers

A

CHARLES DICKENS

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46
Q

Charles dicken wrote a novel entitled ______ __________, in which 2 characters ______ (Sarah) ____ and _____ _____ ( PRIG, PROG) portrayed the roles of such thieves who were given the task of taking care of the sick as a form of punishment

A

Martin Chuzzlewit
Sairey Gamp
Betzy Praeg

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47
Q

Bethlehem hospital in London
- Tickets were sold to the public to show the insane (showed
inhuman approach)
• Doctors became convinced of the need for training nurses

A

BEDLAM

48
Q
  • 1st organized training school for nurses
  • Noted for 2 firsts:
    a. rotating a 3 year experience in cooking and housekeeping, laundry and linen and nursing care in the women’s and men’s wards
    b. preliminary or probationary 3 month period of trial and error for both school and student
A

DEACONESS SCHOOL OF NURSING (at Kaiserswerth, Germany )

49
Q

Who established the Deaconess School of nursing?

A

Pastor Theodore Fliedner and his wife Fredericke
Munster Fliedner in Germany

50
Q
  • First laywoman who worked as a nurse on the North American continent
  • Founder of the Hotel Dieu of Montreal in October 1644
A

Jeanne Mance

51
Q

American who founded the Sisters of Charity of Emmetsburg in Maryland in 1809.

A

Elizabeth Seton

52
Q

The nurse society of Philadelphia organized a school of nursing under the direction of Dr. Joseph Warrington in ____.

A

1839

53
Q

Not a nurse but appointed Superintendent of Female Volunteer nurses to take care of the wounded for US government

A

DOROTHEA LYNDE DIX

54
Q

founder of the American Red Cross

A

CLARA BARTON

55
Q

LOUISA MAY ALCOTT

A

author

56
Q

WALT WHITMAN

A

poet

57
Q

MARY ANN BICKERDYKE

A

humanitarian

58
Q

Born on May 12, 1820 in Florence, Italy

A

Florence Nightingale

59
Q
  • cornerstone of nursing in England was laid
  • 15 probationers entered St. Thomas Hospital in London to establish the Nightingale system of nursing which enabled young women from upper class English society to enter the profession of Nursing
A

June 15, 1860

60
Q
  • Decent living room quarters for students
  • paid nurse instructors (by both school and hospital) correlation of theory and practice
  • students should be taught of the “why not only the “how”
  • limitations: non acceptance of new scientific discoveries
A

NIGHTINGALE SYSTEM ( main features)

61
Q

Florence nightingale died at the age of 90

A

1910

62
Q

believed to be the origin of the nurses’ pin

A

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE’s BROOCH

63
Q

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE’s BROOCH Bears the words “______” and “Blessed are the ________”

A

Crimea
Merciful

64
Q

• First graduate nurse in the US dated September 1, 1873
• At 32, she completed a 1- yr course in Nursing at the New England Hospital for Women and Children at Boston , Massachusetts ( 1872- 1873)

A

LINDA RICHARDS

65
Q

what are the early school of nursing?

A

• Bellevue Training School for Nurses (NY)
• Connecticut Training School (New Haven)
• Massachusetts General Hospital ( Boston)

66
Q

Promotes professionalism, cleanliness, and pride.

A

Nurses Uniform

67
Q

symbolized the saying that “what people wear on their heads can set them apart” dating back to early times when a woman’s humility and obedience were denoted by the veil she wore on her head; it has a sacred connotation of commitment, purity, dignity, and other virtues.

A

Nurses Cap

68
Q

o John Hopkins Hospital School of Nursing (1889)

A

LATER SCHOOL OF NURSING

69
Q

1st principal of John Hopkins Hospital School of Nursing

A

Isabel Hampton Robb

70
Q

appointed OR supervisor of john hopkins hospital school of nursing; had dermatitis

A

Caroline Hampton

71
Q

ordered some rubber gloves from the Good year Rubber Company to solve the problem; believed to be the beginning of operating room gloves seen nowadays.

A

Dr. William Halstead

72
Q

groundwork for the establishment of 2 nursing organizations laid at the Chicago’s World Fair
• Associated Alumnae became American Nurses’ Association
( 1911)
• The American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses became the National League for Nursing Education ( 1912)

A

1893

73
Q

also helped organize and develop the Associated Alumnae became American Nurses’ Association
( 1911) and The American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses became the National League for Nursing Education ( 1912)

A

Isabel H. Robb

74
Q

during the spanish american war she served as a nurse for patients with malaria and yellow fever

A

Clara Louise Maas ( East Orange New Jersey )

75
Q

development of other nursing services aside from
hospital service, private duty, public health, school, government, material, etc.

A

1900 – 1912

76
Q

College and postgraduate nursing education program

A

Age of Specialization

77
Q

Standard curriculum and textbooks

A

Set Standards (1913 – 1937)

78
Q

Nurses were assisted by the National Red Cross under the management of Jane Delano (founded in 1917).

A

World War I

79
Q

The Great Depression

A

October 29, 1929 (Black Friday)

80
Q

increased number of unemployed nurses

A

Financial Crisis

81
Q

establishment of the world health organization by the UN
Scientific & Technical Research
Atomic Energy
Computers
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Agents Space Medicine

A

PERIOD OF CONTEMPORARY NURSING

82
Q

This was established in the city of Manila to care for the king’s soldiers. This was a general hospital administered by the Spanish government.

A

THE HOSPITAL REAL DE MANILA (1577)

83
Q

Fray Juan Clemente established this clinic for the service of leprous patients, hence, named after San Lazaro, a patron saint of lepers. This was administered by the hospitallers of San Juan De Dios.

A

SAN LAZARO HOSPITAL (1578)

84
Q

Established in Laguna, near Pansol, by fray J.Bautista of the Franciscan order near a medical spring which was believed to cure several patients.

A

HOSPITAL DE AGUAS SANTAS (1590)

85
Q

Founded by the brotherhood of Misericordia and was
administered by the hospitallers of San Juan De Dios from alms and rent.

A

SAN JUAN DE DIOS HOSPITAL (1596)

86
Q

Established in the little island on the Pasig river where the Hospicio de San Jose stands.

A

HOSPITAL DE CONVALENSENCIA (1656)

87
Q

A military hospital established in Zamboanga.

A

HOSPITAL DE ZAMBOANGA(1742)

88
Q

A general hospital supported by alms and donations

A

HOSPITAL DE CAVITE (1842)

89
Q

Established for Chinese patients

A

HOSPITAL DE SAN GABRIEL (1866)

90
Q

-attended and dressed the wounded soldiers with care, cheer with soldiers. Escaped to Hongkong and died in 1902.

A

Mrs. Josephine Bracken

91
Q

nurses the wounded soldiers without training

A

Rosa Sevilla de Alvaro

92
Q

established a traveling clinic, President of the Filipino Red Cross in Batangas.

A

Doña Hilaria Agoncillo de Aguinaldo

93
Q

nursed the wounded soldiers

A

Tandang Sora

94
Q

Board of Health was organized on ____ ____.

A

July 1901

95
Q

Administered under the Baptist Foreign Mission Society of America, started school in April, 1906. and has the distinction of graduating the first trained
nurses in 1909. First board exam was given in Iloilo.

A

THE ILOILO MISSION HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING(1906)

96
Q

The missionary nurses, Ms. Hick’s and Deaconess Charlotte Massy started the school in 1907.

A

SAINT LUKE’S HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1907)

97
Q

Mrs. Mary Colemen Masters and Mrs. Sofia Reyes de Veyra were among the pioneer American teachers who saw the need of trained nurses in our country. Both worked for the opening of the school.

A

PHILIPPINE GENERAL HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1907)

98
Q

the third American chief nurse of the PGH was interested in the training of Filipino girls to enter the new profession of nursing.

A

Ms. Elsie McCloskey

99
Q

was appointed by Senate President Quezon. She was the first Filipino to occupy the position of chief nurse and superintendent in the Philippines.

A

Ms. Anastacia Giron Tupas

100
Q

first nurse graduate

A

Ms. Apolona Salvador Ladao

101
Q

Established by Dr. Rebecca Parish and started its collegiate program beginning from the school year 1953 to 1954.

A

THE MARY JOHNSTON HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1907)

102
Q

This school was opened on June 01, 1913 under the auspices of the Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul.

A

THE SAN JUAN DE DIOS HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1913)

103
Q

Established by Mrs. Tancheco in 1891. The school of nursing was opened in 1921.

A

THE CHINESE GENERAL HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1921)

104
Q

It was a military hospital but later it was placed under the Bureau of Health to take care of civilians.

A

BAGUIO HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1923)

105
Q

Ms. Fannie Hiday was the first superintendent of nurses.

A

MANILA SANITARIUM AND HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING(1930)

106
Q

Established in Lucena City with 150 beds, organized by Dr. Francisco Vicuña

A

THE QUEZON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING ( 1957 )

107
Q

ILOILO

A

SAINT PAUL SCHOOL OF NURSING (1946)

108
Q

The first school of midwifery was established by__ ____ _______ in 1922, who was appointed as the first secretary of health. It was opened at the Sampaloc General Hospital with only 10 students accepted.

A

Dr. Jose Fabella

109
Q

In 1974, __ __________ _____ was appointed chairman of the board for midwifery. He is considered as the father of modern midwifery and the first director of Dr. Jose Fabella Memorial Medical Center.

A

Dr. Ricardo B. Gonzales

110
Q

Nursing in DLSMHSI started with the vision of the Yaman Lahi Foundation, Inc. Having __ ____ _____ as the President

A

Dr. Paulo Campos

111
Q

Before it was called DLSMHSI it was known as the__________ _________ _________ _______ (GEAC) and was established on July 18, 1977.

A

General Emilio Aguinaldo College

112
Q

PNLE ____, the College ranked 1st among the top-performing schools with a 100% passing rate of the graduates.

A

2019

113
Q

Year ____, Nurse Licensure Examination, DLSHSI was again given the honor of being the 3rd top performing nursing school among the others in the Philippines

A

2008

114
Q

Year ____, one of the graduates successfully made it to number 3 in the National Nurse Licensure Examination.

A

2001

115
Q

Year ____, the college was recognized as the 6th top-performing school by the Professional Regulations Commission (PRC) among nursing schools in the Philippines.

A

1998

FUNDA PRELIMS (8 decks)

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