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Patient Care II > Chapter 15 Medication Administration > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Medication Administration Flashcards

1
Q

consists of written directions for a specific medication or procedure, signed by a physician, and used only under the specific conditions stated in the order.

A

standing order

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2
Q

strong laxative

A

cathartic

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3
Q

route indicates administration of medication directly into the gastrointestinal tract via oral or rectal sites or via a nasogastric (NG) tube.

A

Enteral

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4
Q

route of administration refers to the application of medication to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes.

A

Topical

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5
Q

Other topical medications are used for a systemic effect, and this type of administration is termed

A

Transdermal

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6
Q

Drugs placed under the tongue

A

sublingual
**can be absorbed into the blood through the oral mucosa and are immediately available without having to be digested and absorbed through the stomach or bowel.

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7
Q

Drugs placed inside the cheek

A

Buccal
**can be absorbed into the blood through the oral mucosa and are immediately available without having to be digested and absorbed through the stomach or bowel.

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8
Q

When coronary arteries are unable to supply the heart muscle with sufficient nutrients and oxygen, this results in a crushing pain called

A

Angina Pectoris

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9
Q

medications are injected directly into the body and bypass the gastrointestinal tract.

A

Parentral

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10
Q

into a vein)

A

Intravenous (IV

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11
Q

injections are the most common type of intravascular administration.

A

Intravenous

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12
Q

refers to parenteral injections into the spinal canal

A

intrathecal

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13
Q

when does medication administration become a radiographers responsibility

A

INJECTED IODINATED MEDIA

INGESTED CONTRAST MEDIA

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14
Q

These types of MEDICATIONS ARE
ADMINISTERED TO PATIENTS SO THEY CAN TOLERATE
IMAGING PROCEDURES.

A

ANTIANXIETY AND ANESTHETIC

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15
Q

List a few of radiographers roles when it comes to medication administration

A

CHECK ALLERGIC HISTORY OF PATIENTS.

  • PREPARE MEDICATION FOR ADMINISTRATION.
  • VERIFY PATIENT ID.
  • ASSIST THE PHYSICIAN.
  • MONITOR THE PATIENT AFTER ADMINISTRATION.
  • IF STATE REGULATIONS AND HOSPITAL POLICIES PERMIT:
  • MIGHT ALSO ADMINISTER AND CHART THE MEDICATION OR
    CONTRAST MEDIUM
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16
Q

Medication Orders:

A

written
verbal
standing

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17
Q

what medical order is not permitted in all states and not permitted in some institutions

A

Verbal

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18
Q
  • WRITTEN DIRECTIONS FOR A SPECIFIC
    MEDICATION/PROCEDURE
  • SIGNED BY A PROVIDER
  • USED FOR SPECIFIC CONDITIONS STATED IN THE ORDER
A

Standing Order

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19
Q

SIX RIGHTS OF MEDICATION
ADMINISTRATION

A
  • THE RIGHT DOSE
  • OF THE RIGHT MEDICATION
  • TO THE RIGHT PATIENT
  • AT THE RIGHT TIME
  • BY THE RIGHT ROUTE
  • WITH THE RIGHT DOCUMENTATION
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20
Q

Routes of administration:

A
  • ENTERAL ROUTE
  • ORAL
  • RECTAL
  • NASOGASTRIC (NG) TUBE
  • MEDICATION INHALATION
  • TOPICAL ROUTE
  • SUBLINGUAL AND BUCCAL ROUTES
  • PARENTERAL INJECTIONS
  • INTRAVENOUS (IV)
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21
Q
  • COMMON AND FAMILIAR ADMINISTRATION
  • DIGESTIVE PROCESS CAN REDUCE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT
A

Oral

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22
Q

Enteral Route

A

oral
Rectal
Nasogastric NG tube

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23
Q
  • ALTERNATIVE FOR THOSE UNABLE TO SWALLOW OR WITH
    AN UNRETENTIVE STOMACH
  • DOSAGE MAY BE UNRELIABLE BECAUSE OF EARLY
    EXPULSION.
A

Rectal

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24
Q

ALSO AN ALTERNATIVE TO ORAL ADMINISTRATION
* MORE RELIABLE AND MORE EASILY CONTROLLED

A

Nasogastric NG tube

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25
Q
  • PROVIDE THERAPY DIRECTLY TO LUNGS/RESPIRATORY
    SYSTEM
  • USED IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE FOR ADMINISTRATION OF
    RADIOACTIVE GASES FOR LUNG VENTILATION STUDIES
A

Medication Inhalation

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26
Q
  • MAY BE USED TO PROVIDE LOCAL THERAPY, SUCH AS
    CREAMS FOR RASHES
  • TRANSDERMAL PATCHES PROVIDE THERAPY BY
    ADHERING MEDICATION TO THE SKIN, WHICH IS
    EVENTUALLY ABSORBED INTO THE BLOODSTREAM.
    ex. nicotine patches
A

Topical Route

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27
Q
  • USED TO DELIVER DRUGS THAT:
  • CAUSE IRRITATION OF THE GI TRACT
  • CANNOT BE ABSORBED BY THE GI TRACT
  • ARE NEEDED RAPIDLY TO SITE OF ACTION
A

PARENTERAL INJECTIONS

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28
Q

PARENTERAL ROUTES

A
  • INTRADERMAL
  • SUBCUTANEOUS
    (SC)
  • INTRAMUSCULAR
    (IM)
  • INTRA-ARTERIAL
  • INTRAVENOUS
    (IV)
  • INTRATHECAL
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29
Q

STEPS FOR PARENTERAL INJECTION
PROCEDURE

A
  • GREET THE PATIENT. CHECK PATIENT IDENTIFICATION AND EXPLAIN THE PROCEDURE.
  • SELECT THE APPROPRIATE INJECTION SITE.
  • PERFORM HAND HYGIENE AND DON CLEAN GLOVES.
  • CLEANSE THE SELECTED AREA WITH AN ALCOHOL WIPE.
  • HOLD THE SKIN TAUT WITH YOUR NONDOMINANT HAND.
  • INSERT THE NEEDLE AT THE CORRECT ANGLE, AND PULL BACK SLIGHTLY ON THE PLUNGER.
  • IF NO BLOOD IS PRESENT, INJECT THE MEDICATION.
  • WITHDRAW THE NEEDLE QUICKLY, AND WIPE THE INJECTION SITE.
  • SEE TO THE PATIENT’S COMFORT.
  • REMOVE YOUR GLOVES AND PERFORM HAND HYGIENE.
  • CHART THE MEDICATION.
  • DISCARD THE CONTAINER AND ANY REMAINING MEDICATION. PLACE THE SYRINGE WITH ATTACHED
    NEEDLE IN A SHARPS CONTAINER.
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30
Q
  • READ THE MEDICATION LABEL THREE TIMES BEFORE
    ADMINISTRATION:
A
  1. WHEN SELECTING THE CONTAINER
  2. WHILE PREPARING THE DOSE
  3. JUST BEFORE INJECTION

THIS IS ESSENTIAL TO BE ABSOLUTELY CERTAIN THAT YOU
HAVE THE CORRECT DRUG AND THE PROPER STRENGTH,
AND THAT THE EXPIRATION DATE HAS NOT BEEN
EXCEEDED.

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31
Q
  • PROVIDES MOST IMMEDIATE EFFECT
  • USED FOR DELIVERING MOST EMERGENCY MEDICATIONS
    WHEN AN IMMEDIATE RESPONSE IS CRITICAL
  • ALSO USED TO DELIVER PARENTERAL NUTRITION AND
    CHEMOTHERAPY
  • USED TO INJECT CONTRAST MEDIA FOR RADIOGRAPHIC
    EXAMINATIONS OF THE URINARY TRACT AND FOR SOME
    COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) STUDIES, AND TO PROVIDE
    SEDATION DURING INVASIVE PROCEDURES AND MRI
    EXAMINATIONS
A

IV ROUTE

32
Q

what does the needleless system minimize

A
  • MINIMIZES
    NEEDLESTICK
    HAZARDS
33
Q

IS THE PRESENCE OF FLUID OUTSIDE
THE VESSEL

A
  • EXTRAVASATION
34
Q

REFERS TO DIFFUSION OF THE FLUID INTO
THE SURROUNDING TISSUES.

A
  • INFILTRATION
35
Q
  • ALSO CALLED INFILTRATION
A

EXTRAVASATION

36
Q

LEAKAGE OR INJECTION OF IV FLUIDS OUTSIDE OF THE
VESSEL

A

EXTRAVASATION

37
Q
  • PAINFUL AND OFTEN DANGEROUS CONDITION
  • TREATMENT IS TO APPLY COLD PACKS TO THE SITE.
  • INCIDENT REPORT MUST BE FILED.
A

EXTRAVASATION

38
Q

materials needed for discontinuing an IV

A
  • MATERIALS NEEDED:
  • GLOVES
  • A STERILE ADHESIVE BANDAGE
  • BANDAGE SCISSORS
  • COTTON BALLS OR GAUZE SPONGES
39
Q

steps for DISCONTINUING AN IV

A

PERFORM HAND HYGIENE AND DON GLOVES.
* EXPLAIN PROCEDURE TO PATIENT.
* CLOSE THE DRIP CONTROL.
* GENTLY REMOVE ADHESIVE TAPE AROUND
CATHETER TO EXPOSE VEIN.
* REMOVE CATHETER WITH A SINGLE LONG,
SMOOTH PULL.
* CHECK TIP TO ENSURE IT IS INTACT.
* APPLY PRESSURE TO SITE WITH DRY COTTON
BALL OR GAUZE FOR 1 MINUTE.
* APPLY STERILE ADHESIVE BANDAGE OR TAPE
COTTON BALL TO SITE.
* DOCUMENT IV REMOVAL IN CHART
* REMOVE GLOVES AND PERFORM HAND
HYGIENE.

40
Q

Monitoring IV fluids

A

TO AVOID PROBLEMS:
* CALL IN ADVANCE TO INFORM THE NURSE OF LENGTHY
PROCEDURES.
* PLUG IN THE PUMP RATHER THAN RELYING ON BATTERY
POWER.
* WATCH IV FLUID LEVELS, AND ALLOW TIME FOR
REPLACEMENT BEFORE THE IV FLUID IS EXHAUSTED.
* IF AN IV SET RUNS OUT, OR IF THE ALARM SOUNDS, CALL
THE NURSING SERVICE IMMEDIATELY RATHER THAN
WAITING UNTIL THE PATIENT IS RETURNED TO THE
NURSING UNIT.

41
Q

how high should an iv bag be above the vein

A

18 to 20 inches above

42
Q

what happens if the bag is too high

A

AN IV SOLUTION THAT IS TOO HIGH MAY CAUSE FLUID TO INFILTRATE
INTO THE SURROUNDING TISSUES BECAUSE OF THE INCREASED
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE.

43
Q

what happens if the bag is placed too low

A
  • IF THE BAG IS PLACED LOWER THAN THE VEIN, BLOOD WILL FLOW BACK
    INTO THE CATHETER OR TUBING AND MAY CLOT, CAUSING THE FLUID TO
    STOP FLOWING.
44
Q

what do you do if there is infiltration /extravasation

A

apply cold packs

45
Q

list some Precautions of all injections

A
  • WEAR GLOVES
  • DISPOSE OF ALL SYRINGES AND NEEDLES DIRECTLY INTO
    A PUNCTURE-PROOF CONTAINER WITHOUT RECAPPING.
  • USE SAFETY-DESIGNED NEEDLES AND NEEDLELESS
    DEVICES WHENEVER POSSIBLE.
  • ALWAYS FOLLOW ESTABLISHED RULES OF ASEPTIC
    TECHNIQUE.
  • READ THE LABEL THREE TIMES: BEFORE DRAWING UP
    THE MEDICATION, AFTER DRAWING IT UP, AND WITH THE
    PHYSICIAN BEFORE ADMINISTRATION.
  • LABEL THE SYRINGE WITH THE MEDICATION NAME AND
    STRENGTH (CONCENTRATION) IF THE MEDICATION WILL
    NOT BE ADMINISTERED IMMEDIATELY.
  • CHECK PATIENT ID BEFORE ADMINISTRATION.
  • CHECK FOR ALLERGIES.
  • MONITOR PATIENT CAREFULLY FOR SIDE EFFECTS.
46
Q

Charting medications

A

ROUTINE ENTRY MADE IN PROPER SECTION OF CHART:
* DATE
* TIME OF DAY
* DRUG NAME
* DOSAGE
* ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
* EACH ENTRY MUST BE SIGNED.
* CONTRAST MEDIA ARE CHARTED AS MEDICATION.
* CONTRAST AGENT’S NAME
* VOLUME ADMINISTERED
* DATE AND TIME OF ADMINISTRATION

47
Q

collection of blood in tissues)

A

hematoma

48
Q

are glass containers with narrow necks that are opened by breaking the glass.

A

ampules

49
Q

injections deliver medications into the fatty tissue layer beneath the skin.

A

Subcutaneous Injections

50
Q

are parenteral injections administered between the layers of the skin.

A

Intradermal Injections

51
Q

IM; into the muscle) injections are sometimes given in larger amounts than SC injections, up to 5 mL, and the needle size is also larger, usually 22 gauge.

A

Intramuscular

52
Q

involves percutaneous access to the artery by a needle, frequently followed by catheter placement to permit injection at a specific anatomic site.

A

Intraarterial Administration

53
Q

is the parenteral method used when a contrast medium is to be injected through a spinal needle directly into the subarachnoid space.

A

Intrathecal Administration

54
Q

sometimes called a drip infusion, is the administration of fluids or medications through an intravenous catheter by gravity flow.

A

infusion

55
Q

a solution of 0.9% sodium chloride in water.

A

normal saline

56
Q

that is, it has the same has the same concentration of solute as human body fluid.

A

isotonic

57
Q

sometimes called a saline lock

A

intermittent injection port

58
Q

diluting liquid

A

dilutent

59
Q

the pressure exerted by fluid due to the force of gravity

A

hydrostatic pressure

60
Q

example of an interdermal test

A

TB test

61
Q

Range for BUN

A

7-21
above 21 kidneys are not functioning properly

62
Q

Range for creatinine

A

0.7-1.5
too high kidneys are not functioning properly

63
Q

what does GFR stand for

A

Globular filtration rate

64
Q

Range for GFR

A

90-120
below 90 is not good

65
Q

what type of relationship does BUN and Creatinine have with GFR

A

Inverse

66
Q

normal drip rate

A

15-20 drips per minute is about 60mls an hour

67
Q

how should certain exams be scheduled

A

no contrast studies first
-iodine studies
-lower gi
-upper gi

68
Q

schedule these studies in order :
IVU , UGI, BE, KUB

A
  1. KUB
  2. IVU
  3. BE
    4.UGI
69
Q

rapid injection of contrast

A

Bolus

70
Q

bolus injection is also known as

A

IV push

71
Q

most common place for injection

A

anticutible

72
Q

what side is cephalic on

A

thumb side

73
Q

what side is basilic on

A

pinky side

74
Q

concentration of solution

A

osmolarity

75
Q

what happens with risk of reaction when osmolarity of contrast agent increases

A

as osmolarity of contrast agent increases risk of reaction increases

76
Q

thickness

A

viscosity

77
Q

how to reduce thickness of a medication

A

put in warmer

Patient Care II (6 decks)

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