Aneurysms, Hemorrhages, and Hematomas Flashcards

1
Q

a weak spot in an artery that can rupture with any force, leading to a hemorrhage

A

cerebral aneurysm

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2
Q

what is the clinical presentation of an aneurysm?

A

asymptomatic until rupture

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3
Q

what is the probability of aneurysm rupture related to?

A

the size of the aneurysm

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4
Q

what is most commonly identified with screening and has a low risk for rupture?

A

small aneurysm less than 6 mm in diameter

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5
Q

patients with ruptured aneurysms less than ____ mm have a better prognosis

A

10

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6
Q

in which case is screening for a cerebral aneurysm necessary?
what screening will be done?

A

family history in two 1st degree relatives

CTA head or MRA head at 20 yo + every 5-10 years

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7
Q

incidental aneurysm are treated at which diameter?

A

over 7-10 mm

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8
Q

in which 5 instances would an incidental aneurysm especially be treated?

A

posterior circulation aneurysm
+ daughter sac (weak point)
young age
hx of SAH
family hx of SAH

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9
Q

what are 2 treatment options for a cerebral aneurysm?

A

clipping
coiling

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10
Q

what are most SAH caused by?

A

ruptured aneurysm

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11
Q

a patient presents with a “thunderclap” headache and they say its the worst headache of their life. they have meningismus/stiff neck, photophobia, N/V, and loss of consciousness. what are they experiencing?

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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12
Q

what diagnostic would we use for a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
how would it look?

A

CT head without contrast
white = blood

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13
Q

what diagnostic can be done if a head CT without contrast is negative but we still suspect SAH?

A

LP

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14
Q

what is the management of a SAH? (2)

A

treat aneurysm by neurosx
lower BP

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15
Q

what is the goal for BP in a patient with SAH?

A

systolic BP < 160

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16
Q

what would be given to prevent a vasospasm and delayed ischemia in a patient with a SAH? (3)

A

transcranial doppler
nimodipine x 21 days
statins while in ICU

17
Q

what 2 conditions would we want to avoid in a patient with a SAH?

A

hyperthermia
hyperglycemia

18
Q

how should a patient with a SAH be placed to reduce ICP?

A

head elevated at 30

19
Q

ruptured vein that runs between the dura and cortex of brain tissue

A

subdural hematoma

20
Q

what is a subdural hematoma commonly caused by?

A

head trauma

21
Q

a patient presents with headache, confusion, irritability, and papilledema. what are they experiencing?

A

subdural hematoma

22
Q

what diagnostic should be done for a patient with suspicious subdural hematoma?

A

CT head without contrast

23
Q

what is the management/treatment for a subdural hematoma? (4)

A

neurosx consult
mannitol to lower ICP
head elevation at 30
fix any coagulopathy

24
Q

bleeding between the dura mater and the skill, what is usually associated with ruptured arteries

A

epidural hematoma

25
Q

which artery is most commonly affect in an epidural hematoma?

A

middle meningeal artery

26
Q

what is an epidural hematoma associated with?

A

skull fracture

27
Q

what is the most serious complication of head trauma?

A

epidural hematoma

28
Q

what is the treatment for an epidural hematoma?

A

immediate surgery