Encephalitis + Brain Abscess Flashcards

1
Q

inflammation of the brain itself

A

encephalitis

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2
Q

inflammation or swelling of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord

A

meningitis

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3
Q

how may encephalitis start off as?

A

bacterial meningitis

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4
Q

what is the most common cause of encephalitis in the US?

A

west nile virus

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5
Q

what is the most likely etiology of encephalitis that is most fatal if not treated?

A

Herpes Virus

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6
Q

a patient presents with an acute onset of fever, headache, confusion, and sometimes seizures. what are they likely experiencing?

A

encephalitis

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7
Q

what 3 symptoms would a child present with if they have encephalitis?

A

irritability
poor appetitie
fever

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8
Q

how would the neurological exam of a patient with encephalitis present?

A

drowsy/confused

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9
Q

what diagnostic and result would help us diagnose encephalitis?

A

lumbar puncture + CSF culture
viral etiology

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10
Q

a patient presents with fever, AMS, seizures. their CSF shows mildly elevated WBCs + protein, but normal glucose. what is their likely diagnosis?

A

HSV-1 encephalitis

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11
Q

imaging shows parenchymal inflammaiton and edema, especially in the temporal lobes. what is the diagnosis?

A

HSV-1 encephalitis

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12
Q

what is the treatment for HSV-1 encephalitis?

A

acyclovir
supportive care

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13
Q

a patient presents with transient symptoms/asymptomatic with a mild fever. CSF show IgG and IgM. what is the diagnosis?

A

west nile virus

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14
Q

collection of pus within the brain tissue; the tissue is infected

A

brain abscess

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15
Q

what are the 2 pathogenesis of a brain abscess?

A

direct spread
hematogenous spread

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16
Q

bacteria comes from a contagious site, typically causing a single brain abscess

A

direct spread

17
Q

what vessel is hematogenous spread that leads to multiple brain abscesses associated with?

A

the middle cerebral artery

18
Q

a brain abscess will have the organism ____ if the source of infection is from paranasal sinuses, teeth, ear, or lungs.

A

streptococcus

19
Q

a brain abscess will have the organism pseudomonas a. if the source of infection is from:

A

urinary tract

20
Q

a brain abscess will have the organism staph aureus if the source of infection is from: (2)

A

penetrating head trauma
neurosurgery

21
Q

what are the 2 main sources of brain abscesses?

A

strep viridans
staph aureus

22
Q

what causes the symptoms in a brain abscess?

A

mass effect

23
Q

a patient presents with AMS, seizures, headache, drowsiness, N/V, and papilledema. what is their likely diagnosis?

A

brain abscess

24
Q

how long after symptom onset do patients typically seek care for a brain abscess?

A

within 2 weeks

25
Q

what is the main diagnostic used for a brain abscess?

A

brain CT/MRI

26
Q

what can be both diagnostic and therapeutic for a brain abscess?

A

surgical drainage + gram stain/culture

27
Q

what size brain abscesses can be treated medically, without surgical drainage?

A

less than 2cm

28
Q

what is the treatment for a brain abscess that’s less than 2cm? (3)

A

empiric broad spectrum antibiotics
IV dexamethasone/mannitol
brain CT/MRI q 2 weeks

29
Q

how would treatment for a brain abscess be administered?

A

IV for 6-8 weeks, then
oral for 2-3 months