CVD II - IE Flashcards
what is infective endocarditis
infection of inner layer of heart - usually affects cardiac valves
IE was almost always fatal until development of:
penicillin
what is the etiology and pathophysiology of IE
- precipitated by an infectious agent
- turbulent cardiac blood flow and damaged endothelium or heart valves permit congregation of and infection by the microbes
- morbidity accrue from thrombus formation and emboli, valvular dysfunction
prophylactic antibiotics are recommended for people in ____ cateogry
high risk
describe low risk for IE
- innocent heart murmurs
- mitral valve prolapse without regurgitation
- CAD
- people with pacemakers/defribrillators
describe moderate risk for IE
- valve repair without prosthetic material
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- mitral valve prolapse with regurgitation
- acquired valvular dysfunction
describe high risk for IE
- mechanical prosthetic heart valve
- natural prosthetic heart valve
- prior IE
- valve repair with prosthetic material
- most congenital heart diseases
what conditions require AB prophylaxis
- prosthetic cardiac valve or material
- previous relapse or recurrent IE
- unrepaired cyanotic congenital heart defect or repaired heart defect
- cardiac transplant with valve regurgitation due to a structurally abnormal valve
what conditions do not require AB prophylaxis
- heart murmur
- mitral valve prolapse
- mitral valve prolapse with regurgitation
- rheumatic fever
- stent or cabg
- anesthetic injection
- radiographic imaging
- placement of RPD, removable ortho, ortho brackets
- adjustment of ortho appliances
- exfoliation of primary dentition
- bleeding for lip or oral mucosa trauma
- simple impression- alginate
- optical scans
when would a heart murmur need AB prophylaxis
if it is due to a specific cardiac condition
are prophylactic AB recommended prior to dental procedures for prosthetic joint implant patients
no
AB prophylaxis regiments for dental procedures recommended only at risk patients who have procedures that:
- manipulate the gingival tissue
- manipulate the periapex of teeth
- perforate the oral mucosa
what is OBS
if the dosage of antibiotic is inadvertently not administered before the procedure the dosage may be administered up to 2 hours after the procedure
is clindamycin recommended for AB prophylaxis and why
no due to gastric SE
what is the oral med for AB prophylaxis
amoxicillin 2g in adults 50mg/kg in children