4.1 Core organic chemistry

Question 1

What is nomenclature?

Answer 1

The set of rules that outline how different organic compounds should be named and how their formulas should be represented.

Question 2

What is the stem in a compound?

Answer 2

The longest unbroken chain of carbon atoms in a compound

Question 3

what is the suffix for alkanes?

Answer 3

-ane

Question 4

what is the suffix for alkenes?

Answer 4

-ene

Question 5

what is the suffix for alcohols?

Answer 5

-ol

Question 6

what is the suffix for carboxylic acid?

Answer 6

-oic acid

Question 7

what is the suffix for ketones?

Answer 7

-one

Question 8

what is the suffix for aldehydes?

Answer 8

-al

Question 9

what is the suffix for esters?

Answer 9

-ate

Question 10

what is the suffix for amines?

Answer 10

-amine

Question 11

what are the prefix for the functional groups of halogens?

Answer 11

Fluoro- Chloro- Bromo- Iodo-

Question 12

What is a functional group?

Answer 12

The functional group is the part of a molecule which determines how it reacts

Question 13

What is meant by homologous series

Answer 13

A homologous series of organic molecules have the same functional group but each successive memnber has an additional-Ch*2

Question 14

Definition of molecular formula

Answer 14

The molecular formula of a compound tells us the actual number of atoms of the elements and in that compound

Question 15

Problems with molecular formulas

Answer 15

-does not give any information on the structure of the molecule (how they are bonded)
-different compounds can have the same molecular formula

Question 16

What is an empirical formula

Answer 16

The empirical formula is the simplest whole ratio of the atoms of each element in a compound

Question 17

How to calculate the empirical formula

Answer 17

Divide both numbers by the smallest number

Question 18

Structural formula

Answer 18

Gives the minimum detail for the arrangement of atoms in a molecule

Question 19

Displayed formula

Answer 19

Shows the relative positions of all the atoms on a molecule and the bonds between them

Question 20

General formula

Answer 20

The simplest algebraic formula for a member of a homologous series

Question 21

Structural isomers definition

Answer 21

Structural isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae