The crimean war-impacts Flashcards
When was the treaty of Paris formed?
-March 1856
What were the terms of the treaty of Paris?
-hand over a substantial chunk of Besserabia to Moldova.
-Give up claim of protector of the principalities.
-Stopped from maintaining black sea fleet + naval fortifications.
-duty to protect christian subjects in Ottomans handed to Europe.
What were the consequences of the treaty of Paris?
-Highlighted weak Russian position.
-showed how fearful Europe was of Russian bear- hence harsh terms.
-changes in governing minorities
-emancipation.
What were the main impacts of the Crimean war?
- Emancipation of the serfs.
- the reform of the millitary
- Railways/ industry
- Government
- education
How did the Crimean war arguably cause the emancipation of the serfs?
-revealed backwardness, poor transport, technology, communications
-lack of industrialisation.
-serf mandatory conscription- low morale
-high level of desertions
What was the quote from Nicholas following his consideration of emancipation prior to the war?
emancipation would lead to ‘an even more ruinous evil’
What arguments suggest the Crimean war did not cause the emancipation of the serfs?
-personal aims to ‘reform from above’
-edict made some time after the war
-serfdom- economic detriment.
What was the famous quote from Slavophile Yuri Samarin about the emancipation of the serfs?
‘we are defeated not be the external forces of the Western Allience, but by our own internal weakness’
How did the Crimean war arguably cause the reform of the millitary?
-highlighted 1m peasant army inefficient.
-harsh dicipline-running of the gauntlet.
-poor accomodation- 1m dead from illness.
-lack of decent clothing.
How many soldiers died due to ill-health?
1 million.
What fraction of army recruits died due to punishment?
1/4
How did Dimitri Milyutin reform the millitary?
1874
-reduced service to 15 years
-training
-Rigirous instruction for officers
What evidence can suggest the millitary reforms were caused by other factors?
-poor morale- serfdom
-illiteracy + poor education
-lack of railways + modernisation
-Milutin reforms not until 1874.
How did the crimean war arguably cause reforms of local government?
-reduced political role for nobillity
-Elected Zemstva (watered down by property qualifications)- weakening autocratic grip for a period
What evidence suggests the local government reforms were not a result of the crimean war?
-more likely a consequence of emancipation
