Test 6

Question 1

Define cancer

Answer 1

-A disorder in which some of the body cells lose the ability to control growth

Question 2

Define Cyclin

Answer 2

-Protein cells contain that regulates the cell cycle
-meaning that it regulates timing in external and internal regulators.

Question 3

What are internal regulators? and provide an example

Answer 3

-responds to things INSIDE the cell
-allows the cell cycle to work if ALL processes have happened
-proofreader
EX: cancer

Question 4

What are external regulators? and provide examples

Answer 4

-Responds to things OUTSIDE the cell
-directs cells to speed up/slow down

EX: Growth factors are the most important external regulators
-these stimulate growth a division of cells like during wound healing

Question 5

What are the two types of tumors?

Answer 5

-Benign: tumor cells remain in the OG site and can be removed surgically.NON-CANCEROUS
-Malignant: Tumor cells that break away from the OG site and spread through bloodstream/lymph nods and start new tumors. can be removed surgically, by radiation, or by chemo.

Question 6

What are the causes of cancer?

Answer 6

-MAINLY: a disease of mitosis

-defects in the gene called p53 (causes them to lose info for cell growth)
-60% is caused by a mutation in p53 in cancers

Question 7

What are the 3 types of treatment for cancer?

Answer 7

-Surgery
-Chemotherapy
-Radiation

Question 8

What are the common drugs in chemotherapy used for cancer treatment?

Answer 8

-Cytoaxon (halts s-phase)
-Taxol (stops spindle fibers)

Question 9

What is angiogenesis?

Answer 9

-the result of tumors attracting blood vessel growth
-this moves all blood flow to only cancerous cells

Question 10

Define Apoptis:

Answer 10

-programmed cell death
-dies when it’s supposed to

Question 11

Define tumor:

Answer 11

-a mass of rapidly dividing cells that damage surrounding tissue

Question 12

What is the growth factor?

Answer 12

-one of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells

Question 13

What is metastasis?

Answer 13

-this occurs in the malignant type of tumor
-it’s the process when a cell breaks away from its tumor site through its bloodstream/lymph nods

Question 14

cell division occurs in what two main stages?

Answer 14

cytokinesis and mitosis

Question 15

describe the sequence DNA is formed to a chromosome

Answer 15

DNA, Histones, Nucleosomes, chromatin, chromosome