3.3 Digestion & Absorption

Question 1

What is digestion?

Answer 1

Hydrolysis of larger molecules into smaller ones

Question 2

What type of digestion is the teeth chewing food?

Answer 2

Physical

Question 3

What does physical breakdown increase?

Answer 3

Surface area for enzymes to act on

Question 4

What is chemical breakdwon?

Answer 4

Enzymes hydrolysis

Question 5

What does hydrolysis require?

Answer 5

Water

Question 6

What bonds are broken by lipases?

Answer 6

Ester

Question 7

What are triglycerides broken down into?

Answer 7

Monoglycerides, glycerol and fatty acids

Question 8

What are lipids due to bile salts?

Answer 8

Micelles

Question 9

Which enzymes breaks down polypeptides?

Answer 9

Proteases

Question 10

Which enzymes breaks down dipeptides?

Answer 10

Peptidases

Question 11

What do endopeptidases do?

Answer 11

Hydrolyse peptide bonds in central regions of proteins

Question 12

What is the name of the enzyme that hydrolyses peptide bonds in central regions of proteins?

Answer 12

Endopeptidases

Question 13

What do exopeptidases do?

Answer 13

Hydrolyse peptide bonds of terminal amino acids

Question 14

What is the name of the enzyme that hydrolyses peptide bonds of terminal amino acids?

Answer 14

Exopeptidases

Question 15

What do membrane- bound dipeptidases do?

Answer 15

Hydrolyse peptide bonds in dipeptides

Question 16

What is the name of the enzyme that hydrolyses peptide bonds in dipeptides?

Answer 16

Membrane-bound dipeptidases

Question 17

What is the name of the enzyme that hydrolyses glycosidic bonds in starch?

Answer 17

Amylase

Question 18

Where is amylase produced?

Answer 18

Salivary and pancreatic

Question 19

What does the hydrolysis of starch produce?

Answer 19

Maltose

Question 20

What bond is broken in the hydrolysis of starch?

Answer 20

Glycosidic

Question 21

What is the name of the enzyme that hydrolyses maltose?

Answer 21

Maltase

Question 22

What does the hydrolysis of the disaccharide maltose produce?

Answer 22

Glucose

Question 23

What bond is the broken in the hydrolysis of maltose?

Answer 23

Glycosidic

Question 24

Name three membrane-bound disaccharidase

Answer 24

Maltase, sucrase, lactase

Question 25

What is the ileum apart of?

Answer 25

Small intestine

Question 26

What does the ileum have?

Answer 26

Microvilli on epithelial cells

Question 27

Where do micelles break down?

Answer 27

Ileum lining

Question 28

What do monoglycerides and fatty acids diffuse across to enter the epithelial cell?

Answer 28

Membrane

Question 29

Where are chylomicrons (lipoproteins), transported to in vesicles?

Answer 29

Lymph system

Question 30

Where do chylomicrons enter the blood from?

Answer 30

Lymph systems

Question 31

How do chylomicrons enter the lymph systems?

Answer 31

Exocytosis into lacteals

Question 32

What molecules are absorbed by co-transport?

Answer 32

Amino acids, monosaccharides

Question 33

How do sodium ions, amino acids and monosaccharides enter the epithelial cell?

Answer 33

By facilitated diffusion

Question 34

Sodium ions and amino acids or monosaccharides enter the by facilitated diffusion, using what?

Answer 34

Specific carrier proteins

Question 35

How do sodium ions move out of the epithelial cell, into the blood?

Answer 35

By Active transport

Question 36

What does the sodium potassium pump actively transport into the blood?

Answer 36

Sodium ions

Question 37

What is responsible for a concentration gradient of sodium ions?

Answer 37

Sodium potassium pump

Question 38

Where is the sodium ion concentration gradient located between?

Answer 38

The lumen of the ilium and the epithelial cell

Question 39

What are the two complementary binding sites on cotransporter proteins specific to?

Answer 39

Sodium ions and glucose/amino acids

Question 40

What diffuses into the cell down its concentration gradient?

Answer 40

Sodium ions

Question 41

What do amino acids and glucose move into the cell against?

Answer 41

Concentration gradient