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pmls 2 lec midterms > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to values which patient results are compared to

A

Reference range

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2
Q

The resting metabolic state of the body early in the morning after fasting for approximately 12 hours

A

Basal state

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3
Q

RBC and WBC values – normally ___ among newborns than in adults

A

Higher

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4
Q

Kidney functions ___ with age

A

Decrease

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5
Q

Test results for some blood analytes show significant variation at ___ elevations compared with results at ___

A

Higher; sea level

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6
Q

3 analytes which increases with high altitude

A
  1. RBC count
  2. Hemoglobin and Hematocrit levels
  3. Uric acid
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7
Q

Analytes that decrease with high altitude

A
  1. Urinary creatinine
  2. Plasma renin
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8
Q

Dehydration may happen with persistent vomiting or diarrhea, which causes ___

A

Hemoconcentration

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9
Q

Condition in which blood components that cannot easily leave the bloodstream become concentrated in the smaller plasma volume

A

Hemoconcentration

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10
Q

Analytes that increase during dehydration

A
  1. RBC
  2. Enzyme
  3. Iron
  4. Calcium
  5. Sodium
  6. Coagulation factors (clotting factors)
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11
Q

Dehydrated patients may not accurately reflect the patient’s ___ status

A

Normal

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12
Q

It is often difficult to obtain ___ specimens from dehydrated patients

A

Blood

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13
Q

T of F

Diet can alter blood analyte

A

True

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14
Q

Fasting: Strictly no ingestion of food approximately ___

A

8-12 hours overnight

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15
Q
  • Fasting beyond 12 hours
  • Can cause serious health problems
A

Overfasting

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16
Q

T or F

Patients who fasted beyond 12 hours can be accepted for testing that requires fasting

A

False

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17
Q

May be elevated in patients on high-protein diets

A

Ammonia, urea, and uric acid levels

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18
Q

Increases with the consumption of beverages containing caffeine

A

Cortisol and Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels

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19
Q

Increase dramatically with the ingestion of carbohydrates

A

Glucose (blood sugar) levels

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20
Q

Glucose levels return to normal within ___ (time) if the patient has normal glucose metabolism

A

2 hours

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21
Q

Eating carbohydrates can also increase ___ levels

A

Insulin

22
Q

Can decrease by drinking excessive amounts of water and other fluids

A

Hemoglobin

23
Q
  • Abnormally increased blood lipid content
  • Appear milky (cloudy white) or turbid
A

Lipemia

23
Q

Increase with ingestion of foods such as butter or margarine, etc.

A

Lipid levels

24
Q

Lipemia can be present for up to ___

A

12 hours

25
Q

Accurate testing of triglycerides requires a
___ (time) fast

A

12-hour

26
Q

Increased by chronic consumption or recent ingestion of large amounts of alcohol, which can also cause hypoglycemia

A

Triglycerides, certain liver enzymes, and other liver function analytes

27
Q

Effects of long-term starvation: Increased levels

A
  1. Creatinine
  2. Ketone
  3. Uric acid
28
Q

Effects of long-term starvation: Decreased levels

A
  1. Cholesterol
  2. Triglycerides
  3. Urea
29
Q

Drugs that interfere with BLOOD TESTS should be stopped or avoided ___ prior to obtaining blood samples for testing

A

4 to 24 hours

30
Q

Drugs that interfere with the URINE TESTS should be avoided for ___ prior to the urine sample collection

A

48 to 72 hours

31
Q

Elevated bilirubin which causes yellow skin

A

Jaundice

32
Q

Jaundice is also known as

A

Icterus

33
Q

From supine to an upright sitting or standing position causes decreases plasma volume in an adult up to ___

A

10 %

34
Q

RBC count may increase approximately ___ in a standing position

A

15 minutes

35
Q

Lipid profiles should be collected in a consistent manner after the patient
has been either lying down or sitting quietly for a minimum of ___

A

5 minutes

36
Q

Extensive sweating without fluid
replacement can cause ___

A

Hematoconcentration

37
Q
  • Swelling caused by the abnormal
    accumulation of fluid in the tissues
  • IV infiltrates the surrounding tissues
A

Edema

38
Q

Swelling or mass of blood that can be caused by blood leaking from a blood vessel during a venipuncture

A

Hematoma

39
Q

Arterial line is most commonly placed in a ___

A

Radial artery

40
Q
  • Permanent surgical connection of an artery and vein by direct infusion
  • Dialysis
A

Arteriovenous shunt, fistula, or grant

41
Q

A catheter or cannula connected to a stopcock or a cap with a diaphragm
provides access for administering medication or drawing blood

A

Heparin or Saline lock

42
Q

Often placed in a vein in the lower
arm above the wrist and can be left in place for up to 48 hours

A

Heparin or Saline lock

43
Q

Blood specimens should not be collected from a known previous IV site within ___ of the time
the IV was discontinued

A

24 to 48 hours

44
Q

A central vascular access device (CVAD) is also called an ___

A

Indwelling line

45
Q

Having a ___ is practical for patients who need IV access for an extended time and is especially beneficial for patients who do not have easily accessible vein

A

CVAD

46
Q

3 types of CVAD

A
  1. CVC or central venous line
  2. Implanted port
  3. PICC
47
Q

Line inserted into a large vein such as the subclavian and advanced into the superior vena cava, proximal to the right atrium

A

CVC or central venous line

48
Q

Small chamber attached to an indwelling line that is surgically implanted under the skin and most commonly located in the upper chest or arm

A

Implanted port

49
Q

Device is located by palpating the skin and accessed by inserting a special needle through the skin into the self-sealing septum (wall) of
the chamber

A

Implanted port

50
Q

line inserted into the peripheral venous system and threaded into the central venous system

A

PICC

pmls 2 lec midterms (7 decks)

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