Lesson 3: Planning Technical Activities Flashcards
It is the output of planning, provides a methodical way of achieving desired results.
plan
______________, according to Nickels and others, refers to “the management function that involves anticipating future trends and determining the best strategies and tactics to achieve organizational objectives.”
Planning
Aldug and Stearns, on the other hand, define ___________ as “the selection and sequential ordering of tasks required to achieve an organizational goal.”
Planning, according to Cole and Hamilton, is deciding what will be done, who will do it, where, when and how it will be done, and the standards to which it will be done.
planning
For our purpose, it will suffice to define __________ as selecting the best course of action so that the desired result
may be achieved.
planning
Give the three (3) different management levels that undertake planning activities.
- Top management level - strategic planning
- Middle management level-intermediate planning
- Lower management level - operational planning.
It refers to the process of determining the major goals of the organization and the policies and strategies for obtaining and using resources to achieve those goals.
Strategic planning
The output of strategic planning is the _____________ which spells out “the decision about long-range goals and the course of action to achieve these goals.”
strategic plan
This refers to “the process of determining the contributions that subunits can make with allocated resources.”
Intermediate planning
This refers to “the process of determining how specific tasks can best be accomplished on time with available resources.
Operational planning
Give the four (4) planning processes.
- setting organizational, divisional, or unit goals
- developing strategies or tactics to reach those
goals - determining resources needed and
- setting standards
This may be defined as the “precise statement of results sought, quantified in time and magnitude, where possible.”
Goals
Under developing strategies or tactics to reach goal, the ways to realize the goals are called ____________ .
strategies
A _________ may be defined as “a course of action aimed at ensuring that the organization will achieve its objectives.
strategy
A _________ is a short-term action taken by management to adjust to negative internal or external influences.
tactic
A _________ may be defined as “a quantitative or qualitative measuring device designed to help monitor the performances of people, capital goods, or processes.”
standard
