duress by circumstance

Question 1

what is meant by no specific intent required?

Answer 1

The D had no choice but to react to the circumstance that they were in

Question 2

what case defined no specific intent needed?

Answer 2

Willer

Question 3

how must the D be acting?
2

Answer 3

to avoid serious injury or death

Question 4

how is acting to avoid serious injury or death judged?

Answer 4

objectively

Question 5

what case defined acting to avoid serious injury or death?

Answer 5

conway

Question 6

what test is used

Answer 6

graham test

Question 7

what is the first part of the graham test

Answer 7

was D compelled to act as he did as he reasonably believed he had a good cause to dear death or serious injury and D reasonably believes the threat existed?

Question 8

what case defined the first part of the graham test?

Answer 8

saif and others

Question 9

what is the second part of the graham test?

Answer 9

if so, would the sober and reasonable person, sharing the characteristics of D acted in the same way?

Question 10

who decides if there is a defence of duress?

Answer 10

the jury

Question 11

what is a case for jury deciding if there is a defence

Answer 11

pommell