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A level pyschology > Research methods - Experiments > Flashcards

Research methods - Experiments Flashcards

1
Q

What does operationalising mean and explain the importance

A

it means to be specific and clear when defining the IV and the DV, it is important because it makes it easier to repeat the research.

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2
Q

What is an IV

A

it is a variable that is changed/manipulated to see the effect on the dv

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3
Q

what is a dv

A

variable that is measured to see effect on iv

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4
Q

what are extranous variables

A

Variables other than the Iv that can have an effect on the DV

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5
Q

what are the 3 main causes of extraneous variables

A
  • situational factors e.g task difficulty
  • participant variable age IQ
  • experimenter variables - things that have to do with the researcher
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6
Q

what happens when extraneous variables are not controlled

A

it can lead to confounding variables. a confounding variable is a variable other than the IV which effect on the DV

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7
Q

name the different types of experimental methods

A
  1. lab
  2. field
  3. natural
  4. quasi
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8
Q

What is a lab experiment

A

it is an experiment which is conducted in a lab, this is a controlled environment. (1 mark ) [the researcher manipulates the IV to see the effect on the DV] (2 mark)

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9
Q

what are the strengths of using lab experiment as an experimental method

A
  • high in reliability
  • high control over extraneous variable
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10
Q

What are weaknesses of a lab experiment as an experimental method

A
  • low ecological validity
  • prone to demand characteristics
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11
Q

What is a field experiment as a experimental method

A

an experiment which takes place in a natural environment for the participants such as a a school or home (1) [where the researcher manipulates the IV to see the effect on the DV]

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12
Q

What are strengths of field experiments

A
  • less prone to demand characteristics
  • high ecological validity
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13
Q

what are the weaknesses of field experiment

A
  • low in reliability
  • lack of informed consent
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14
Q

What is a natural experiment

A

The researcher takes advantage of a naturally occurring IV. ( the Iv is natural)

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15
Q

strengths of natural experiment

A
  • it has has high eco val
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16
Q

what is a quasi experiment

A
  • it is an experiment in which the IV is based on individual differences between people, and the researcher hasn’t manipulated the IV, and the researcher measures the effect on DV
17
Q

What is a weakness of Quasi experiment

A
  • sample bias

why?
- the sample may have unique characteristics, difficult to generalise findings to target pop

18
Q

What is a problem with experimental methods

A

it can lead to demand characteristics
and bias.

19
Q

what is demand characteristics

A
  • clues given off within the research, this can lead to participants changing their natural behaviour to help or hinder the research.
20
Q

how can demand characteristics be controlled

A
  • By getting another researcher who isn’t aware of the aims
21
Q

what is bias

A
  • bias is when the researcher is designing an experiment or collecting results
22
Q

how can bias be controlled

A
  • it can be controlled by randomisation or standardisation.
23
Q

explain what is randomisation

A

possible aspects of the research should be by chance not decided by the researcher

24
Q

explain what is standardisation

A
25
Q

what is independent groups

A

participants take part in only one condition. each condition has a different group of participant.

26
Q

what is a strength of independent groups

A

there is no order effects
participants in each condition is different, they will not get used to the task or get bored, unlike repeated measures where ppt take part in all/both conditions.

27
Q

what is a weakness

A

individual differences may affect the dv, as the ppt.. some participants have a better memory than some not appropriate for memory study, this can lead to lower internal validity

28
Q

what is repeated measures

A

Participants take part in both/all conditions of the experiment.

29
Q

what are the strengths of repeated measures

A

individual differences are removed.

29
Q
A
29
Q

a weakness of repeated measures

A

order effects and increase demand charcateristics

29
Q
A

A level pyschology (8 decks)

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