Lab 5: Anaerobic Fitness

Question 1

what are power outputs above VO2 max referred to as?

Answer 1

supramaximal

Question 2

which energy systems account for the major production of ATP during short-duration supramaximal physical activity?

Answer 2

nonoxidative glycolytic and immediate energy stores

Question 3

which energy reserves provide energy at the fastest rate, therefore being the “immediate” energy reserve for skeletal muscle?

Answer 3

ATP and creatine phosphate energy

Question 4

examples of high power movements in which ATP-PC energy dominates

Answer 4

100 m sprint, thrusting heavy weight upwards

Question 5

what do stored phosphagens provide enough energy for?

Answer 5

one-minute walk, slow 20 second run, or all out sprint for 10 seconds

Question 6

maximal efforts sustained for longer than 10-15 seconds require assistance from what energy systems? what do these systems allow for?

Answer 6

glycolytic and oxidative ATP pathways; which sustain work output and “recharge” the pool of high-energy phosphates

Question 7

substrate and products of nonoxidative glycolysis?

Answer 7

intramuscular glycogen stores provide glucose which is converted to 2 pyruvate and 2 ATP (then 2 lactate)

Question 8

examples in which nonoxidative ATP production is critical to sustain work output?

Answer 8

400 m run, 200 m swim, sprint sports like basketball and soccer

Question 9

which has greater power, immediate phosphagen stores or glycolysis?

Answer 9

immediate phosphagen stores

Question 10

how long can glycolytic stores sustain high power outputs for?

Answer 10

10 seconds to 2 minutes, depending on intensity

Question 11

first factor that can explain differences among individual’s anaerobic performances

Answer 11

the capacity of immediate and glycolytic energy stores

Question 12

how does an athlete with greater stores of high-energy phosphates have an advantage?

Answer 12

they can use those stores at a greater intensity and for a longer duration before needing to depend on nonoxidative and oxidative energy from glycolysis

Question 13

longer term (20-120 sec) anaerobic performances are associated with what? what theory does this support?

Answer 13

higher blood lactate levels; supports the theory that all-out exercise training enhances the capacity of the glycolytic system to produce energy

Question 14

second factor that can explain differences among individual’s anaerobic performance

Answer 14

ability to manage metabolite accumulation, specifically hydrogen ions and phosphate

Question 15

what does greater buffering of hydrogen ions from lactate prevent

Answer 15

force reductions and loss of enzymatic function

Question 16

what happens if phosphates accumulate in muscle tissue without being utilized in ATP synthesis?

Answer 16

inhibits force production

Question 17

what other factors may affect anaerobic performance?

Answer 17

motivation, maximal strength, etc.

Question 18

what advantages does performing high power exercises repeatedly have?

Answer 18

increase type 2 fiber recruitment, increase fatigue tolerance, improve cardiovascular function, and increase immediate and glycolytic energy stores

Question 19

two general approaches to assessing anaerobic power

Answer 19

1) measure the changes in energy stores (ATP or Pcr) vs. the changes in metabolites (lactate)
2) measure the amount of external work performed during short duration, high intensity exercise

Question 20

what assumption is being made when assessing anaerobic power? why is this invalid?

Answer 20

all energy produced to perform high intensity activities comes from immediate and glycolytic sources; invalid because oxygen consumption provides some energy, but it is difficult to assess how much

Question 21

describe the wingate test

Answer 21

30 second “all out” work effort

Question 22

how do we find peak power?

Answer 22

data from the five seconds with the highest power value is utilized as an index of peak power (energy derived from ATP & PC)

Question 23

how do we find mean power?

Answer 23

data from the total power generated over 30 seconds is utilized as an index of mean supramaximal capacity or mean power (energy derived from glycolysis)

Question 24

what is the fatigue index

Answer 24

decline in power over the course of the test

Question 25

how to calculate fatigue index

Answer 25

difference between the highest peak power and the lowest peak power divided by the highest

Question 26

those who maintain a high power output throughout the test have a __ fatigue index

Answer 26

low

Question 27

describe the procedure generally

Answer 27

warmup for several minutes with 2-3 quick sprints at low resistance, set up load on the wheel (7.5% body weight) begin spinning at zero resistance as fast as possible, push a button that immediately increases the resistance on the bike, pedal as fast as possible for 30 seconds, cool down for 4-5 mins with HR <100