chapter 4 Flashcards
A “consumer revolution” took place in the 17th century:
as the British empire dominated the seas and colonies stabilized.
The set of political ideas that scholars refer to as “republicanism”
held that only property-owning, economically independent citizens should participate in public life.
Which of the following were part of the public sphere in colonial America?
pubs
newspapers
coffee houses
The growth of rice plantations in South Carolina:
led the colony to become the first mainland colony with a black majority.
Slaves in Virginia adopted more European culture because:
they worked and lived closer to whites.
Why did James Oglethorpe want to establish Georgia?
to create a place for the deserving poor to better themselves
The “Great Awakening” was
was a religious revival that spanned the Atlantic, which helped denominations like Baptists and Methodists grow in America.
The Seven Years War
was a global war involving several European empires and native American tribes and confederacies.
George Washington became a celebrated military figure
when he organized the retreat at Monongahela.
Neolin advocated for:
a rejection of European clothing and customs and reinvigoration of American Indian traditions.
republicanism vs liberalism
Republicanism: theorized by landed elites in England. Believed power could infringe on liberty but government is necessary for freedom.
Liberalism: private, individual freedom, exemplified by writings of John Locke. People possessed natural rights that government authority should not violate. “Life, liberty, and property”
great awakening
Emotional preaching the focused on personal salvation and the horrors of sinfulness, embrace of outside meetings, revivals
Often tinged with anti-elite criticisms: salvation over profit, and elites who kept people in debt were greedy
Many common people attended revivals including slaves, some embracing Christianity
Led to growth of Baptist, Methodist, and Presbyterian churches in colonies and growth of religious tolerance
Encouraged many to study Bible on their own and to become their own source of authority
Slavery in Carolinas vs. Chesapeake vs. North
Majority of slaves in Chesapeake, making up 42% of Virginia and 32% of Maryland
By 1730, 2/3 of S. Carolina is African slaves/ Huge Rice plantations drive demand for slaves
Slaves in north less harsh than south. worked as artisans, farm laborers, dock workers, and domestic servants
In New England, slaves less than 3% of pop.
CONSUMER REVOLUTION
British rise to global preeminence in 1700s
As a result, colonial population is doing well economically, even better than average Europeans (owned more land)
Purchase British manufactured goods for both need and status
Colonists able to buy cheap goods like sugar, tea, and manufactured goods from England
Elites import sophisticated European furniture
Credit is central to purchasing goods for both elites and middling sort
Precursors to Football and Baseball
Both sports are based in English folk games and flourished in New England
Football was a neighborhood level game, with Irregular rules and before the formation of soccer, rugby, and football as distinct sports.
Played only a few times a year, e.g. Christmas, but Puritans banned it
Baseball originally called town ball and based on an old game bittle-battle, played with four bases and similar rules
In some cases you had an individual score rather than a team score, eventually called the Massachusetts Game
Version of original football still played in England, the Atherstone Ball Game still
