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RC > Exam Qs > Flashcards

Exam Qs Flashcards

1
Q

Benign CD34+ neoplasms

A

Fibroadenoma
Hemangioma
Lymphangioma
Angiofibroma
Spindle cell lipoma
Myofibroblastoma

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2
Q

BST neoplasms that typically express keratins

A

Epithelioid sarcoma
Synovial sarcoma, biphasic
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
Myxofibrosarcoma
Epithelioid GIST
DSRCT

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3
Q

Indicated for FISH testing in well diff adipocytic neoplasms

A

Recurrence
Size >10 cm
Retroperitoneal location
Equivocal histologic features

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4
Q

Low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma vs myxofibrosarcoma

A

LGFMS: proximal extremities/trunk, young adults, low grade spindle cells in whorled/short fascicles, alternating fibrous and myxoid areas, Strong diffuse MUC4+, FUS-CREB3 dusion
MFS: Limbs and limb girdles in elderly patients, multinodular architecture w infiltratrive margins, myxoid stroma, variable pleomorphic cells, curvilinear vessles, Aneupolidy

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5
Q

Subtypes of kaposi sarcoma and typical population for each

A

Classic - elderly mediterranean, eastern european, Ashkenazi-Jew, older men
Endemic - HIV neg adults & children in equitorial Africa
AIDS-associated - HIV+
Iatrogenic - solid organ transplant patients

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6
Q

Risk factors for angiosarcoma

A

Radiation
Lymphedema
Implanted foreign material
Li-Fraumeni
Mafucci syndrome
Retinoblastoma syndrome

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7
Q

Most common anatomic sites for epithelioid hemangioendothelioma

A

Soft tissue
Liver
Lung

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8
Q

IHC that stains:
Smooth muscle only
Both smooth and skeletal
Skeletal muscle only

A

Smooth muscle only: Caldesmin, SMMHC
Both smooth and skeletal: MSA, desmin
Skeletal muscle only: Myogenin, MyoD1

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9
Q

Clinical and histologic features of synovial sarcoma

A

Clinical: deep soft tissue of extremities in younger patients
Histo: Biphasic or monophasic. Epithelial component nests, cords, glandular, alveolar, papillary. Spindle component uniform, small, ovoid, “school of fish”, hyperchromatic nuclei, TLE1+

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10
Q

DDx SRBCT in 20yo

A

Ewing sarcoma
Lymphoblastic lymphoma
Small cell osteosarcoma
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma

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11
Q

Tumors with MDM2 amplification

A

ALT/WDLS
Dediff liposarcoma
Intimal sarcoma
Low grade central osteosarcoma

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12
Q

DDx for giant cell rich bone lesion

A

Giant cell tumor of bone
ABC
Chondroblastoma
Nonossifying fibroma
Giant cell rich osteosarcoma

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13
Q

Benign or malignant disease associated with extramedullary hematopoiesis

A

Myelofibrosis
Hemolytic anemia
Sickle cell
Hereditary spherocytosis
ITP
Thalassemia

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14
Q

Histologic subtypes of leiomyoma

A

Classica
Epithelioid
FH-deficient
Myxoid
Atypical
Mitotically active
Symplastic

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15
Q

Variants of SCC of the H&N

A

Conventional
Basaloid
Adenosquamous
Papillary
Acantholytic
Lymphoepithelial
Spindled

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16
Q

Factors relevant to staging of nephroblastoma

A

Extrarenal extension
Renal vein invasion
Infiltration of renal sinus
Rupture
Lymph node involvement
Bilaterality

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17
Q

Painful skin lesions

A

Blue nevus
Angiolipoma
Neuroma
Glomus tumor
Eccrine spiradenoma
Leiomyoma

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18
Q

EBV-associated lymphomas

A

Burkitt
PTLD
Hodgkin lymphoma, mixed cellularity
Plasmablastic lymphoma
Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type
Intravascular NK/T cell lymphoma
DLBCL (rarely)

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19
Q

Non-hematolymphoid EBV-associated neoplasms

A

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
EBV+ gastric CA

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20
Q

Infectious agents (other than EBV) and associated lymphomas

A

HHV8 - primary effusion lymphoma
HP - gastric MALT
Campylobactor jejuni - small bowel MALT
Chlamydia sp. - ocular adenxa MALT
Borrelia sp - skin MALT

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21
Q

IHC for
Exaggerated placental site
Placental site nodule
Placental site trophoblastic tumor
Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor

A

Exaggerated placental site: p63- hPL+ KI67 low
Placental site nodule: p63+ hPL- Ki67 low
Placental site trophoblastic tumor: p63- hPL+ Ki67 high
Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor: p63+ hPL- Ki67 high

22
Q

Skin lesions associated with infectious etiology

A

Verruca vulgaris - low risk HPV
Kaposi sarcoma - HHV8
Molluscum contagiosum - poxvirus
Merkle cell carcinoma - Merkle cell polyomavirus
Digital papillary adenocarcinoma - HPV42

23
Q

Types of embolism

A

Thromboembolism
Fat
Air
Amniotic fluid
Septic
Atheroembolism

24
Q

Benign mimics of prostatic adenoCA

A

Atrophy
Adenosis
Post-radiation/therapy effect
Basal cell hyperplasia
Clear cell cribriform hyperplasia
Nephrogenic adenoma

25
Q

Variant morphologic patterns for conventional prostatic adenoCA

A

Atrophic
Pseudohyperplastic
Microcystic
Foamy gland
Mucinous
PIN-like

26
Q

Epiphyseal bone tumors

A

Giant cell tumor of bone
Clear cell chondrosarcoma
Chondroblastoma
Enchondroma

27
Q

Morphologic patterns in adult granulosa cell tumor

A

Diffuse
Insular
Microfollicular
Macrofollicular
Sarcomatoid
Pseudopapillary

28
Q

Meigs syndrome

A

Ovarian fibroma
Ascites
Pleural effusion

29
Q

Lymphomas that commonly present as lymphomatous polyposis

A

DLBCL
Extranodal MALT
Mantle cell
Follicular lymphoma

30
Q

Potter’s sequence

A

Pulmonary hypoplasia
Oligohydramnios
Twisted skin/limb deformities
Twisted face/abnormal facies
Extremity deformities
Renal agenesis

31
Q

Weiss criteria for adrenal cortical carcinoma

A

Nuclear grade III/IV
>5 mits/50hpf
Atypical mits
Clear cells <25% of tumor
Diffuse architecture >30%
Necrosis
Venous/sinusoidal/capsular invasion

32
Q

Low risk and high risk subtypes of BCC

A

Low risk - nodular, nevus of pinkus, superficial, infundibulocystic
High risk - micronodular, morpheaform, spindled, infiltrating

33
Q

Four principle histologic growth patterns of HCC

A

Trabecular
Solid
Pseudoglandular
Macrotrabecular

34
Q

Critical values in anatomical pathology

A

Crescentic GN
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis
Fat in endometrial biopsy
Herpetic infection in cervical cytology in pregnancy
Unexpected malignancy
Mesothelial cells or fat in endocardial biopsy
Invasive organism in immunocompromised host
Transplant rejection

35
Q

Morphologic variants of urothelial CA

A

Papillary
Micropapillary
Solid
Plasmacytoid
Lymphoepithelioma-like
Sarcomatoid
Nested
Squamous

36
Q

Features associated with unfavourable prognosis in neuroblastoma

A

Age >5y
High MKI
Clinical stage
Less schwannian stroma
Nodular architecture
MYC-N amplification

37
Q

Benign causes of necrotizing lymphadenitis

A

TB
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease
Cat scratch disease
HSV lymphadenitis

38
Q

Common locations for conventional osteosarcoma

A

Distal femur
Proximal Tibia
Proximal humerus

39
Q

Radiographic features of osteosarcoma

A

Medullary and cortical bone destruction
Permeative or moth-eaten appearance
Periosteal reaction - sunburst or onion-skinned appearane
Tumor matrix ossification/calcification
Lytic/sclerotic lesion
Extraosseus extension

40
Q

Histologic changes in breast carcinoma with partial treatment effect

A

Decreased cellularity
Multiple foci of invasion over a large tumor bed
LVI without adjacent tumor
Fibrosis adjacent to residual tumor
Decreased size of invasive component

41
Q

Types of amyloidosis

A

AL - primary amyloidosis (immunocyte dyscrasias)
AA - secondary (chronic inflammation)
AA - familial mediterranean fever
ATTR - Systemic senile amyloidosis
AB - Senile cerebral (Alzheimer)
A Cal - medullary thyroid CA
AANF - Isolated atrial amyloidosis

42
Q

DDx cribriform morphology in the prostate

A

Gleason grade 4 prostate adenoCA
Intraductal carcinoma
Clear cell cribriform hyperplasia
Basal cell hyperplasia
Atypical intraductal proliferation
Ductal carcinoma

43
Q

Histologic types of neuroblastoma

A

Neuroblastoma - differentiating, poorly diff, undiff
Ganglioneuroblastoma, nodular classic and variant
Ganglioneuroblastoma, mixed
Ganglioneuroma

44
Q

Algorithm for neuroblastoma diagnosis

A
45
Q

Gross and microscopic features of Alzheimer’s

A

Gross - cortical atrophy (esp frontal, temporal, parietal lobes)
- Hydrocephalus ex vacuo
- Medial temporal lobe (hippo, amg, entorrhinal) severe atrophy
Micro - Neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, cerebral amyloid angiopathy

46
Q

Neurochemical changes in Alzheimer’s

A

Increased phosphorylated tau and reduced Abeta in CSF

47
Q

List types of cellular injury

A

Oxygen deprivation
Physical agents
Chemical agents and drugs
Infectious agents
Immunologic reactions
Genetic derangements
Nutritional imbalances

48
Q

Types of necrosis

A

Coagulative
Liquefactive
Gangrenous
Caseous
Fat
Fibrinoid

49
Q

Molecular of TSA

A

BRAF, KRAS

50
Q

Molecular of SSL

A

BRAF, CpG-Island Methylation

51
Q

Causes and mechanisms of infectious vasculitis

A

Pseudomonas, Staph, strep
Aspergillus, mucor
CMV/HSV
Direct - invasion into wall (above do this)
Indirect - provoke immune response targeting vessels (TB, HIV, HepB)

52
Q
A

RC (20 decks)

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