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RADTHERA Notes > History Of Radthera > Flashcards

History Of Radthera Flashcards

1
Q

Who first discovered x-ray

A

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

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2
Q

What year was x-ray discovered

A

1895

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3
Q

Who discovered radium and polonium

A

Marie Curie

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4
Q

Who first discovered the treatment for lupus vulgaris and on what year

A

Leopold Freund and Eduard Schiff 1896

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5
Q

Who first discovered the treatment for lupus erythematosus and what year

A

Leopold Freund and Eduard Schiff 1898

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6
Q

______ reported first CA cured by radiation and on what year

A

Thor stenbeck, 1899

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7
Q

On what year did ______ observed the first physiological effects of radium

A

Otto walkoff 1890

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8
Q

He place radium on his pocket and on what year

A

Henri Becquerel 1901

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9
Q

Law of bergonie and tribondeau

A

1906

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10
Q

developed and patented dioradin and what year

A

Bela Agustin and A de szendeffy 1911

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11
Q

implemented fractionated radiation therapy for advanced laryngeal carcinoma and on what year

A

Regaud and Henri Coutard 1920

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12
Q

Co-60

A

1951

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13
Q

Medical Linac were used

A

1950

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14
Q

Combined surgery and moderate dose of radiation

Mv linac and on what yeaar

A

Gilbert Fletcher, 1960

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15
Q

CT simulator

A

1980

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16
Q

What year was cyclotron invented and Cyclotron was invented by

A

1931, Ernest Laurence

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17
Q

Who constructed betaron and on what year

A

D.W kerst, 1940

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18
Q

Also known as: Radiation Oncology

A

Radiation therapy

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19
Q

Dose of radiation that result in the death of cancer cells.

A

Cancercidal dose

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20
Q

General Objectives:

A

To deliver maximum dose to the tumor while giving the minimum dose to the surrounding normal tissues or cells”

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21
Q

aims of radiation therapy

A

Curative
Prophylactic
Palliative

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22
Q

Transmissions of cells or group of cells from primary tumor to site/s elsewhere in the body.

A

Metastasis

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23
Q

4 specific modes of treatment

A

Surgery
Cytotoxic drugs
Radiation therapy
Hormone treatment

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24
Q

Classification of treatment

A

Radical
Palliative

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25
Q

Dose amount given depends on

A

Size of tumor
Extent of tumor
Type of tumor

26
Q

Who are the person involved

A

Medical physicist
Medical dosimetrist
Oncology nurse
Radiation therapist

27
Q

responsible for calibration and maintenance of the radiation-producing equipment.

A

Medical physicist

28
Q

person responsible for the calculation of the proper radiation treatment dose

A

Medical dosimetrist

29
Q

person trained to assist and take directions from radiation oncologist in the use of ionizing radiation for the treatment of disease.

A

Radiation therapist

30
Q

Educating patient about potential radiation side effects and assisting patients with the management of the side effects.

A

Oncology nurse

31
Q

Variation of normal growth

A

Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Neoplasia

32
Q

2 classification of neoplasm

A

Benign
Malignant

33
Q

What are the carcinogen

A

Chronic irratation
Radiation
Infection
Hormone
Worm
Virus

34
Q

Spread of cancer may occur in several ways

A

Local invasion
Through lymph nodes vessel
Through blood vessels
Across cavities

35
Q

Division of cancer

A

Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Reticulosis

36
Q

Methods of early detection

A

Periodical medical examination
Cytological examination
Radiological examination
Highly specialized technique

37
Q

Signs and symptoms of cancer

A

C- hange in bowel
A- sore that never heals
U-nusual vaginal discharge
T-hicking or lump in breast
I-ndigestion difficulty of swallowing
O-bvious changes in the size/color of warts/mole
N-agging cough or hoarseness
U-nexplained anemia
S-udden weight loss

38
Q

Two types of radiation therapy

A

External beam radiation therapy (EBRT)
BRACHYTHERAPY

39
Q

Radiation source is far from the body

A

Teletherapy

40
Q

Radiation source is direct/near the tumor

A

BRACHYTHERAPY

41
Q

Two types of radiation

A

Particulate radiation
Electromagnetic radiation

42
Q

§ Radiation that travels in a space processing
either mass or charge or both
Processess high KE( kinetic energy)

A

Particulate radiation

43
Q

Radiation that travels in a wave form,
accompanied by electrical and magnetic
field

Possess potential energy

A

Electromagnetic radiation

44
Q

the distribution of electromagnetic
radiation according to energy

A

Electromagnetic spectrum

45
Q

Longer wavelength

A

RF
Infrared light
Visible light
UV

46
Q

ranging from the long waves through the
broad cast band to short waves and ultra short waves in radar
- used for transmissions of data, via modulation. Television, mobile phones, wireless networking and amateur
radio all use radio waves

A

Radio frequency

47
Q

these are produced by molecular
vibration and the excitation of the outer electrons of the
atom. Its heating effect utilized in Physical therapy.

A

Infrared light

48
Q

ranging from red, orange, yellow, green and
blue to violet
- transmitted by materials such as glass and steel - can be used in surgery as LASER

A

Visible light

49
Q

produced by the excitation of our electrons in
an atom
- it is higher that the frequency of ultraviolet coming
from the SUN. It is induced the human body tp produced Vit. D

A

Ultra Violet

50
Q

Shorter wave

A

X-ray
Gamma rays

51
Q

produced when the fast-moving electron
interact with a high atomic level
energy: 1 KeV – 50 MeV
Diagnostic: 25 kVp – 150 kVp

A

X-ray

52
Q

Emitted during Isomeric Transition in
radionuclides
no mass, no charge and only in Nuclear EMR.

A

Gamma rays

53
Q

Classifications of radiation according to its ionizing ability

A

Non-ionizing
Ionizing radiation

54
Q

radiation is not capable of ionization
(first 4 in EM spectrum/longer wavelength)

A

Non-ionizing radiation

55
Q

capable of ionization
a. X-ray
b. gamma ray
c. alpha
d. negatron
e. positron
f. neutron

A

Ionizing radiation

56
Q

Radiation interaction with matter

A

Compton interaction

Rayleigh’s scattering
Photoelectric effect
Pair production
Photodisintegration

57
Q

change in direction of photons caused by
the interaction between photons and matter
• No ionization, only excitation

A

Rayleigh scattering

58
Q

Electrons from the outer orbital shell are deflected by
the same electron causing to travel in a new direction
as scattered or secondary radiation
- most hazardous to radiation worker due to scatter
radiation

A

Compton interaction

59
Q

first observed by
Heinrich Hertz
- occurs when the incident x-ray is totally
absorbed during the ionization of an inner shell
electron.- good effect: produces good radiograph
or gives contras

A

Photoelectric effect

60
Q

occurs in x-rays that have
energies greater than 1.022 MeV
- Each electron (negatron or negative
electron and positron or positive electron)
possesses 0.511 MeV
- important in PET facility
- does not occur in diagnostic
radiology

A

Pair production

61
Q

photon absorbed
by the nucleus and the nuclear fragment is
emitted
- the energy required to undergo this
interaction is greater than or equal to 7-10
Mev

A

Photodisintegration

62
Q

Who invented the cerrobend blocks

A

Barnabas wood

RADTHERA Notes (6 decks)

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