W5 - Autonomic NS

Question 1

How does information get from the PNS to the CNS?

Answer 1

Afferent sensory/visceral neurons (autonomic/somatic)

Question 2

How does information get from the CNS to the PNS?

Answer 2

Efferent motor neurons (autonomic/somatic)

Question 3

What are the two divisions of the autonomic NS?

Answer 3

Parasympathetic and sympathetic

Question 4

What two things can the autonomic NS act upon?

Answer 4

Muscles and glands

Question 5

Where are the parasympathetic nerves coming from?

Answer 5

Craniosacral region

Question 6

Where are the sympathetic nerves coming from?

Answer 6

Thoracolumbar region

Question 7

If the spinal cord is damaged, why does the heart still beat?

Answer 7

It’s myogenic

Question 8

If someone is paraplegic (having damaged their SC at the neck) what does their heart rate usually do?

Answer 8

It tends to slow as symp cant work and para can

Question 9

Is the pre/post ganglionic neuron in para/symp NS short or long?

Answer 9

Para - pre is long, post is short. Sympathetic - pre in short, post is long

Question 10

What is special about the preganglionic neurons in either the parasympathetic/sympathetic NSs?

Answer 10

They’re always myelinated

Question 11

What is it called where the pre/post ganglionic fibres meet?

Answer 11

A ganglion

Question 12

Do the ganglia in symp/para NS sit closer to the CNS or the target organ?

Answer 12

Symp - closer to CNS, para - closer to target organ

Question 13

What NTM do preganglionic fibres use irrespective of if its symp/para?

Answer 13

Acetylcholine

Question 14

The ratio of neurons aren’t 1:1, which out of symp/para have pre fibres that innervate >20 cell bodies or <4 cell bodies in the ganglia?

Answer 14

Symp - >20, para - <4

Question 15

What are most of the sympathetic ganglia arranged into?

Answer 15

Paravertebral ganglia

Question 16

What are other sympathetic ganglia that are located further away called?

Answer 16

Prevertebral ganglia

Question 17

What NTMs do the post ganglionic cells use in the symp/para NSs?

Answer 17

Symp - norepinephrine, para - acetylcholine

Question 18

What receptors are present on post ganglionic cells and the target organs in the sympathetic NS?

Answer 18

Post gang - nicotinic receptors, target organ - adrenoreceptors

Question 19

What receptors are present on post ganglionic cells and the target organs in the parasympathetic NS?

Answer 19

Post gang - nicotinic receptors, target organ - muscarinic receptors

Question 20

List stages of release of ACh across synapse (3)

Answer 20

1. ACh made from choline and acetyl coA and packaged into vesicles 2. Exocytosis and diffusion across cleft 3. Binding to receptors

Question 21

Are nicotinic or muscarinic cholinergic receptors ionotropic or metabotropic?

Answer 21

Nic - ionotropic, Musc - metabotropic

Question 22

The agonists for the nicotinic, ligand binding ionotropic receptors are ACh, nicotine and carbachol, what is the antagonist?

Answer 22

Curare

Question 23

The agonists for the muscarinic G-protein receptors are ACh, muscarine and carbachol, what are the antagonists?

Answer 23

Atropine and scopolamine

Question 24

Where are the nicotinic receptors found? (3)

Answer 24

Neuromuscular junctions, ganglionic neurons and adrenal medulla

Question 25

Where are the muscarinic receptors found? (3 examples but there is more)

Answer 25

Gut, heart, bronchioles

Question 26

What type of receptors are adrenoreceptors?

Answer 26

Metabotropic GPCRs

Question 27

There are 4 subtypes of adrenoreceptors, what is different between them all?

Answer 27

The sensitivity to NE compared to E

Question 28

Depending on if it’s an ionotropic/metabotropic receptor, does ligand binding directly/indirectly alter the membrane permeability?

Answer 28

iono - directly, metabo - indirectly