Inheritance + Populations

Question 1

Genotype

Answer 1

The genetic constitution of an organism

Question 2

Phenotype

Answer 2

The expression of the genes + its interaction with the environment

Question 3

Homozygous

Answer 3

A pair of homologous chromosomes carrying the same allele for a single gene

Question 4

Heterozygous

Answer 4

A pair of homologous chromosomes carrying 2 different alleles from a single gene

Question 5

Recessive

Answer 5

An allele only expressed when no dominant allele is present

Question 6

Dominant

Answer 6

An allele that will always be expressed in the phenotype

Question 7

Codominant

Answer 7

Both alleles are equally dominant + expressed in the phenotype

Question 8

Multiple alleles

Answer 8

More than 2 alleles for a single gene

Question 9

Sex-linkage

Answer 9

A gene whose locus is on the X chromosome

Question 10

Autosomal linkage

Answer 10

Genes that are located on the same chromosome (not sex chromosome)

Question 11

Epistasis

Answer 11

When one gene modifies or masks the expression of a different gene at a different locus

Question 12

Monohybrid

Answer 12

Genetic inheritance cross of a characteristic determined by one gene

Question 13

Dihybrid

Answer 13

Genetic inheritance cross for a characteristic determined by 2 genes

Question 14

Gene pool

Answer 14

All the alleles of all the genes within a population at one time

Question 15

Population

Answer 15

Group of organisms of the same species occupying a particular space at a particular time that can potentially interbreed

Question 16

Allele frequency

Answer 16

Proportion of an allele within the gene pool

Question 17

Hardy-Weinberg principle

Answer 17

p+q=1
p² +2pq+q² =1
p= frequency of dominant allele
q= frequency of recessive allele
p² = frequency of homozygous dominant genotype
2pq = frequency of heterozygous genotype
q² = frequency of homozygous recessive genotype