Unit 2

Question 1

How are phospholipids distributed in the outer and inner leaflet? How is chlolesterol?

Answer 1

PS (serine) and PE (ethanolamine) are in the inner leaflet.
PC (choline) and SM (sphingomyelin) are mostly in the outer leaflet
cholesterol is around equal in both.

Question 2

where would I find glycolipids?

Answer 2

Only on the outside and also only of the apical side of epithelial cells.

Question 3

What does Glycocalyx do?

Answer 3

It protects the cell from damage (mechanical and chemical)
May aid in cell recognition
Prevents unwanted protein interactions that would decrease fluidity

Question 4

what are the two main secondary structures for membrane proteins

Question 5

what secondary structure do transmembrane proteins typically have?

Question 6

what secondary structrue do monolayer proteins always have?

Question 7

why is it sometimes easier to find the structure of b-barrels

Question 8

are all pore b-barrels? are all b-barrel pores?

Question 9

what are the 4 main types of phospholipids?

Question 10

which phospholipid is negative?

Question 11

What is the difference between isolating integral proteins and periferal proteins?

Question 12

what are some methods to isolate peripheral proteins?

Question 13

whats the most common method for isolating integral proteins?

Question 14

what are detergents?

Question 15

what are the 2 types of detergents?

Question 16

what is the critical micellar concentration

Question 17

how do detergents work?

Question 18

what are nanodiscs?

Question 19

what are the 2 factors that determine fluidity?

Question 20

how does tail size affect fluidity?

Question 21

how does cholesterol affect fluidity?

Question 22

what is the main function of cholesterol?

Question 23

how does saturation affect membrane fluidity?

Question 24

how does temperature affect fluidity? And, what is a phase transition?

Question 25

What tehcnique would we use to show that proteins move laterally in the membrane?

Question 26

What are 5 reasons why FRAP might show that proteins are not moving laterally?

Question 27

what forces hold the bilayer together?

Question 28

what is the purpose of a hydropathy plot? how do they work and what proteins do they work for?

Question 29

what are the 3 main types of lipid movement? what is the secrete forth?

Question 30

which forms of lipid movement are “fast” , which is fastest and which is really rare?

Question 31

What is a transmembrane protein? what are the 3 types of transmembrane proteins?

Question 32

what do transmembrane proteins usually do? (4 things)

Question 33

what are the ways in which a monolayer protein interacts with the lipid bilayer?

Question 34

What are the 3 types of membrane proteins?

Question 35

What is the definition of ampiphllic

Question 36

Explain what lipid rafts are

Question 37

Explain what lipid droplets are and how they are formed.

Question 38

Explain how keeping PS on the inside leaflet helps with cell signaling

Question 39

Where does the glycacolyx come from?

Question 40

what would we use Ruthemium red stain for?

Question 41

what is the difference between glycoprotein and proteoglycan? where do they come from and how do they associate with the membrane? What other sugar molecule associates in the same way?