Immune Response, HIV, Sepsis

Question 1

what Is an antigen

Answer 1

A substance that elicits an immune response

Question 2

what are antibodies

Answer 2

produced in response to an antigen, body produces these when antigen are present

Question 3

what’s innate immunity

Answer 3

non specific response, present at birth, can respond within minutes, first line of defense

Question 4

what’s acquired/adaptive immunity

Answer 4

developed immunity, gained after birth, second line of defense, gained through exposures of pathogens, can either be developed of immunity actively or passively

Question 5

what’s active acquired/adaptive immunity

Answer 5

contact with a foreign substance or infection (immunizations are an example)

Question 6

what’s passive acquired/adaptive immunity

Answer 6

we receive from mother, injected antibodies, this type have immediate effects but is short lived, we don’t synthesize these again therefore we don’t retain the memory for that antigen

Question 7

humoral immunity

Answer 7

an individual exposed to an antigen for the second time, secondary antibody response occur

Question 8

cell-mediated

Answer 8

response initiated through specific antigen recognition by T cells, T cells kill the infected cells and coordinate the overall immune response

Question 9

what does inflammation do

Answer 9

its a sequential reaction to cell injury, removes foreign material, establishes an environment for healing, healing capacity

Question 10

what’s a key point for inflammation

Answer 10

inflammation is always present with infection, but infection is not always present with inflammation

Question 11

hypersensitivity responses (type 1 response)

Answer 11

igE mediated
anaphylaxis reaction from antigens (systemic), allergic rhinitis (local)

Question 12

hypersensitivity responses (type 2 response)

Answer 12

cytotoxic
blood transfusions reaction, Rh incompatibility

Question 13

hypersensitivity responses (type 3 response)

Answer 13

immune complex
tissue damage: systemic, local, immediate or delayed

Question 14

hypersensitivity responses (type 4 response)

Answer 14

delayed
cell mediated response, example contact dermatitis and transplant rejections

Question 15

latex allergies in terms of hypersensitivity responses

Answer 15

can be type 1 or type 4
type 1 is systemic (skin redness, urticaria, asthma,anaphylaxis)
type 4 is local (contact dermatitis)

Question 16

nursing care for immunocompromised

Answer 16

masks, gowns, gloves, limit invasive procedures, limit visitors, single patient items, no raw/uncooked veggies, no sharing razors, toothbrush

Question 17

nursing care for gerontologic

Answer 17

decline in function of immune system, increased susceptibility to infection, response to immunizations is lower, thymus shrinks, t-cells production diminishes

Question 18

sepsis criteria

Answer 18

2+ of the following
AMS, temp >100.9, HR >90, hyperglycemia w/o DB >140, Hypothermia <97, SBP <100, RR >22

Question 19

how is HIV spread

Answer 19

blood, semen, breast milk, vag secretions

Question 20

what does HIV cause

Answer 20

immunosuppression

Question 21

what’s AIDS

Answer 21

a point on the continuum of HIV infection where they are severely immunocompromised, AMS, Labs worse

Question 22

what are opportunistic infections

Answer 22

infections that take over people who are like immunocompromised like AIDS