drugs : ch.7

Question 1

what is a drug ?

Answer 1

something that can cause a physiological response

Question 2

what are the modes of ingestion?

Answer 2

swallowing,injection, inhaling, or absorption (skin)

Question 3

true or false: all drugs are toxic?

Answer 3

depends on the dosage

Question 4

which drugs WILL affect your brain pain receptors

Answer 4

1. cocaine
2. heroin
3. fetanyl
4. morphine

Question 5

which drugs WILL NOT affect your brain pain receptors

Answer 5

1. advil (ibuprophen)
2. aleeve
3. asprin
4. tylenol

Question 6

the aspirin story:

Answer 6

• chewing the bark of a willow tree was recommended to help with tooth ache.. BUT noticed some stomach problems, so “Bayer” brand decided to add “acid anyhride” the salicyclic acid (tree) to help with both

Question 7

what are the 3 classifications of drug origin

Answer 7

natural: plants (THC)
semi-synthetic: added something to it (aspirin)
synthetic: made in lab

Question 8

what are the 5 general categories

Answer 8

1. analgesics
2. depressants
3. hallucinogens
4. narcotics
5. stimulants

Question 9

what do analgesics do?
name some examples

Answer 9

overall relieve pain
aspirin, morphine, ibuprofen, naproxen
- aspirin: stop pain by reducing fever and inflammation
- morphine: attaches to opiod receptors to block nerve impulses in the brain

Question 10

what is the difference between aspirin and morphine

Answer 10

aspirin effects the cause of pain, morphine blocks the nerve impulses that signal pain

Question 11

what do depressants do?
examples of some

Answer 11

depress the functions of CNS : slowing your heart beat, reduce anxiety, promote sleep
- benzodiazepine (synthetic) (valium)

Question 12

how does valium behave ?

Answer 12

binds to the GABA receptors causing things to slow and resulting in an enhanced depression

Question 13

what are hallucinogens?
examples ?

Answer 13

alter the perception of time and reality; movement, thoughts,perceptions,vision/hearing
-LSD , marijuana

Question 14

what are the 2 types of molecular skeletons hallucinogens are based on

Answer 14

phenylethlyamine and tryptamines

Question 15

what are narcotics ?
examples?

Answer 15

very similar to analgesics/depressants: depress CNS and promote sleep
-morphine,codeine,heroin,oxycodone,hydrocodone

Question 16

what are stimulants?
examples?

Answer 16

stimulate the CNS; alertness,interferes with sleep
- cocaine, methamphetamine,amphetamine
-at a higher does they are like hallucinogens

Question 17

hat does cocaine do?

Answer 17

blocks absorption of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine : leads to stimulation and hallucinogenic responses

Question 18

what are the 4 “By Use” categories

Answer 18

1. Club drugs - ectasy(MDMA)
2. Human Performance Drugs - steroids
3. Inhalants - nail polish
4. Predator Drugs - ketamine

Question 19

Why must drugs be classifies by schedule?

Answer 19

due to the “Controlled substance act in 1970” it divides drugs into categories based in their medical use vs potential abuse

Question 20

Analysis of the 5 P’s ___

Answer 20

Powders : crystalline
Plant Matter : marijuana
Pills : prescription drugs
Precursors : pseudoephedrine used to make methamphetamine
Paraphenalia: equipment to prep drugs (cookers,razor blades)

Question 21

what is the analysis of seized drugs ?

Answer 21

1. Presumptive color and precipitate
   “spot test”; followed by gc-ms , raman, nmr , etc..

Question 22

MOST common tests : and what is included

Answer 22

1. Cobalt Thiocyanate: cocaine
2. Duquenois Levine (DL) : marijuana (vanillin/acetaldehyde)
3. Marquis: opium derivatives (amphetamine, sulfuric acid & formaldehyde)
4. pDMAB: LSD (indole/ehlrich test)
5. Ferric chloride (phenol qualities)

Question 23

what makes the addictive characteristics between aspirin vs morphine

Answer 23

different mechanisms; morphine attaches to opiod receptors in the CNS, which also makes it addictive and therefore affects CNS/brain !

Question 24

what is a “cutting agent”

Answer 24

drugs are expensive! so extending your range by diluting your drugs with:
diluents: inactive , sugars
adulterants: active , lidocaine
both similar properties and taste

Question 25

what may happen when doing a “cutting agent”? that is still important when thinking of diluents and adulterants

Answer 25

impurities: after extraction,something may come up

Question 26

what is the profiling process?

Answer 26

1. determine the common origin (identify the geographic origin)
2. examination of color and appearance
3. microscopic characterization of diluents
4. organic analysis ( find out where it is coming from)

Question 27

KNOW the mechanism of aspirin (on back of notes packet)

Answer 27

yes!

Question 28

what are the two ways to get color

Answer 28

dye formation, alteration of d orbitals in transition metals

Question 29

if all absorbed you will see __
if all reflected you will see __

Answer 29

black
white

Question 30

to generate color it requires __

Answer 30

lower energy photons to (smaller energy gaps)

Question 31

how can you decrease the size of gaps ?

Answer 31

conjugation, more conjugation : darker the color

Question 32

1. ___
   2.___ to form crystaline compounds
   3._____
   4.NMR

Answer 32

color spot test
sulfuric acid slip
TLC