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Anatomy 213 > Chapter Eight: Tendons and Ligaments > Flashcards

Chapter Eight: Tendons and Ligaments Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three structural classes of joints?

A
  1. Fibrous
  2. Cartilaginous
  3. Synovial
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2
Q

Joints are a type of ______________ tissue that binds bones

A

Connective

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3
Q

Name the three functional classes of joints:

A
  1. Synarthrosis
  2. Amphiarthrosis
  3. Diarthrosis
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4
Q

What type of joint?
- united by fibrous connective tissue
- have no joint cavity
- move little or none

A

Fibrous Joints

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5
Q

What are the three types of fibrous joints?

A
  1. Sutures
  2. Syndesmoses
  3. Gomphoses
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6
Q

What type of fibrous joint?
- opposing bones interdigitate
- in adults may ossify completely; synotosis
- fontanels: membranous areas in the suture between bones

A

Sutures

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7
Q

What type of fibrous joint?
- bones farther apart than suture and joined by ligaments
- some movement may occur
- examples: radioulnar (inerosseus membrane)

A

Syndesmoses

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8
Q

What type of fibrous joint?
- pegs that fit into sockets
- periodontal ligaments: holds teeth in place

A

Gomphoses

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9
Q

What functional class of joints: non-moveable

A

synarthrosis

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10
Q

What functional classes of joints: slightly moveable

A

Amphiarthrosis

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11
Q

What functional class of joints: freely moveable

A

Diarthrosis

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12
Q

Name the three types of synovial joints:

A
  1. Uniaxial
  2. Biaxial
  3. Multiaxial
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13
Q

What type of synovial joint: occurring around one axis

A

uniaxial

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14
Q

What type of synovial joint: occurring around two axes at the right angles to each other

A

Biaxial

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15
Q

What type of synovial joint: occurring around several axes

A

Multiaxial

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16
Q

What type of joint?
- biaxial
- modified ball-and-socket; articular surfaces are ellipsoid (one convex, one concave)
- EX: atlantooccipital

A

Ellipsoid (Condyloid)

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17
Q

What type of joint?
- multiaxial
- articular surface of one bone is ball-shaped and fits into a cup-shaped articular surface of the opposing bone
- widest range of motion
- EX: glenohumeral (shoulder) and coxofemoral (hip)

A

Ball + Socket

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18
Q

What is an example of a compound hinge joint?

A

Humeroulnar Joint

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19
Q

What are two examples of pivot joints?

A

Humeroidal Joint and Proximal Radioulnar Joint

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20
Q

The shape of the trochlear notch and trochlea limit movement to ________________ and _______________

A

extensions and flexion

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21
Q

The rounded head of the radius allows for _________________ and _________________

A

pronation and supination

22
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

Ellipsoid (Condyloid)

23
Q

What are the movements of the knee joint?

A
  • flexion
  • extension
  • small amount of rotation
24
Q

Within the knee joint, what is this?
- fibrocartilaginous pads in the knee to absorb shock

A

menisci

25
Q

Within the knee joint, what is this?
- extend between intercondylar eminence of tibia and fossa of the femur

A

Cruciate Ligaments

26
Q

What are the two types of cruciate ligaments?

A

anterior and posterior

27
Q

What kind of cruciate ligament?
- ACL: prevents anterior displacement of tibia

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

28
Q

What kind of cruciate ligament?
- PCL: prevents posterior displacement of tibia

A

Posterior Cruciate Ligaments

29
Q

Medial + lateral collateral + popliteal ligaments: along with tendons of __________ muscles strengthen the joint

A

thigh

30
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

A
  • Synchondroses
  • Symphyses
31
Q

What type of cartilaginous joint is made of hyaline cartilage?

A

Synchondroses

32
Q

What type of Cartilaginous joint is made of fibrocartilage?

A

Symphyses

33
Q

What type of cartilaginous joint?
- joined by hyaline cartilage
- little or no movement

A

Synchondroses

34
Q

What type of Cartilaginous Joint?
- fibrocartilage unites two bones
- slightly moveable
EX: pubic symphysis and intervertebral disks

A

Sympheses

35
Q

What type of hyaline cartilage, that provides a smooth surface, is found in Synovial Joints?

A

Articular Cartilage

36
Q

What type of cavity encloses articular surfaces?

A

Joint Cavity

37
Q

What are the two parts of the capsule in synovial joints?

A

Fibrous Capsule and Synovial Membrane

38
Q

What type of capsule?
- dense irregular connective tissue

A

Fibrous Capsule

39
Q

What type of membrane?
- thin delicate membrane lining inside of joint capsule
- secretes synovial fluid

A

Synovial Membrane

40
Q

Complex mixture of polysaccharides, proteins, fat and phagocytic cells
- no blood vessels or nerves in articular cartilages; nutrients come from nearby blood vessels and synovial fluid

A

Synovial fluid

41
Q

What type of arthritis?
- inflammation of the synovial membrane
- membrane becomes inflames and thickened pain and swelling
- may result in bone erosion and joint deformity

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

42
Q

What type of joint?
- biaxial
- reciprocally concave/convex (resembling two horse saddles)
- fit together because one surface is rotated at 90 degree angle to the other
- EX: thumb and carpometacarpal pollicis

A

Saddle Joints

43
Q

What type of joint?
- uniaxial
- some rotation possible but limited by surrounding structures
- EX: intervertebral

A

Plane or Gliding Joints

44
Q

What type of joint?
- Combination plane and ellipsoid joint

A

Temporomandibular Joint

45
Q

What joint has these movements?
- depression
- elevation
- excursion
- protraction
- retraction

A

Temporomandibular Joint

46
Q

What joint?
- fibrocartilage disk divides joint into superior and inferior cavities
- TMJ disorders - cause of most chronic orofacial pain

A

Temporomandibular Joint

47
Q

What type of joint is the hip (coxal) joint?

A

ball-and-socket

48
Q

What type of joint has these movements?
- flexion
- extension
- abduction
- adduction
- rotation
- circumduction

A

Hip (coxal) joint

49
Q

Is the hip (coxal) joint more or less stable than the shoulder joint?

A

more

50
Q

Is the hip (coxal) joint more or less mobile than the shoulder joint?

A

less

51
Q

Acetabulum deepened by what three things?

A

Fibrocartilage
Acetabular Labrum
Transverse Acetabular Ligament

Anatomy 213 (14 decks)

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