Motor Learning (1)

Question 1

definition of motor learning

Answer 1

a set of processes associated w/ practice or experience leading to relatively permanent changes in our capacity for responding

Question 2

stages of motor learning

Answer 2

cognitive

associative

autonomous

Question 3

cognitive stage

Answer 3

first stage: “what to do”

Question 4

what do we need in the cognitive stage

Answer 4

a lot of attention towards the task

Question 5

cognitive stage includes

Answer 5

experimenting w/ many ideas

improvement is made quickly

Question 6

experimenting w/ many ideas –> cognitive

Answer 6

errors are made and even promoted

Question 7

associative stage

Answer 7

second stage: “how to do”

Question 8

what have we decided in the associative stage

Answer 8

which strategy works best

Question 9

what’re we doing in the associative stage

Answer 9

beautifying skill

fewer errors

Question 10

the associative stage includes

Answer 10

slow progress

Question 11

autonomous stage

Answer 11

final stage: “how to succeed”

Question 12

in the autonomous skill —> the skill is

Answer 12

automatic

Question 13

what is needed in the autonomous stage

Answer 13

little attention is needed

can perform other higher cognitive activities simultaneously

Question 14

there may not be –> autonomous stage

Answer 14

much improvement

Question 15

does everyone get to the autonomous stage

Answer 15

no

Question 16

how do we know that we are talking about motor learning

Answer 16

performance

learning

Question 17

performance –> talking about motor learning

Answer 17

temporary change in movement pattern

Question 18

learning –> talking about motor learning

Answer 18

permanent change in movement pattern

Question 19

what is not a good measure of “true” learning

Answer 19

performing something well

Question 20

learning could occur but…

Answer 20

performance can be impaired by fatigue, pain and other factors

Question 21

measures of motor learning

Answer 21

performance

retention

transfer

contextual change

Question 22

performance test

Answer 22

how automatic is a skill

Question 23

how automatic is a skill –> performance

Answer 23

effort

speed

accuracy of decision making

Question 24

retention test

Answer 24

learning can demonstrate the skill over and over again

clear period of time w/ no practice

performance is initially weak but comes back very quickly

Question 25

transfer test –> what is an individual asked to do

Answer 25

perform a motor skill that is similar to, but different from, the motor skill that has been practiced

Question 26

what does the transfer test help us decide

Answer 26

whether the skill can be generalized to completion of other similar tasks

Question 27

resistance to contextual change

Answer 27

an individuals ability to apply a learned skill to other environmental contexts

Question 28

motivation

Answer 28

the pt needs to have desire to learn/improve a skill

Question 29

physiology of motor learning

Answer 29

neuroplasticity

Question 30

neuroplasticity

Answer 30

activity dependent

synaptic changes

Question 31

synaptic changes –> neuroplasticity

Answer 31

making stronger

unmasking new wired networks

Question 32

giving instructions

Answer 32

verbal instruction

transitional information

demonstration

Question 33

verbal instructions

Answer 33

vague in nature

Question 34

transitional info

Answer 34

verbal instruction that is specific to what he or she needs to hear

Question 35

what do we allow the pt to do first –> demonstration

Answer 35

let the pt perform the natural movement

w/o interference from the PT

Question 36

what do we utilize –> demonstration

Answer 36

demonstration later on in learning as it bypasses active learning

Question 37

demonstration is sometimes

Answer 37

necessary

Question 38

motor learning is

Answer 38

practice

Question 39

skill

Answer 39

goal is skill acquisition not just changes in movement

Question 40

what’re we doing as a therapist

Answer 40

helping people practice

so that they can improve a skill w/in a task

Question 41

practice definition

Answer 41

pts/students are engaged in repeated attempts to produce motor behaviors that are beyond their present capabilities

Question 42

what do you have to do if you wanna improve task performance

Answer 42

practice