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CPH laboratory > Introduction to Community and Public Health [Batch 2027] > Flashcards

Introduction to Community and Public Health [Batch 2027] Flashcards

1
Q

hale, sound whole

A

● Hal

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2
Q

○ “As a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

A

World Health Organization (1947)

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3
Q

○ ______is dynamic, not a state.

A

Health

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4
Q

■ It is constantly changing

A

dynamic

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5
Q

■ Along with the dimensions mentioned above, it should also include political, economical, and spiritual

A

Insufficient dimensions

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6
Q

■ Along with the dimensions mentioned above, it should also include ______, _________, and _______

A

political
economical
spiritual

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7
Q

The definition is _____
■ Making it difficult to measure health as defined by WHO

A

Subjective

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8
Q

The definition is _____-

A

Subjective

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9
Q

Health is a _____not an end product

A

means

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10
Q

it promotes other than a healthy lifestyle

A

conducive

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11
Q

Community ______rather than an individual construct

A

level construct

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12
Q

○ “A means to achieve desirable goals in life while maintaining a multidimensional equilibrium that is operationalized for individuals as well as for communities.”

A

Sharma and Romas (2012)

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13
Q

● A group of individuals who share common interests and characteristics

A

COMMUNITY

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14
Q

○ Geographical Area / Location
○ Historical Heritage
○ Similar experience
○ Values and Concerns
○ Rules, regulations, and policies

A

Characteristics

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15
Q

a densely settled territory with 50,000 or more people

A
  1. Urbanized Areas
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16
Q

a densely settled territory with atleast 2,500 people but fewer than 50,000

A
  1. Urban Clusters
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17
Q

all territory, population, and housing units located outside urbanized areas and urban clusters

A
  1. Rural
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18
Q

○ “The health status of a community and … the organized responsibilities of public health, school, health, transportation, safety, and other tax-supported functions, with voluntary and private actions to promote and protect the health of local populations identified as communities.”

A

● Green and Ottoson (1999)

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19
Q

entails health education and the creation of environmental conditions conducive to good health

A

Promotion

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20
Q

water purification, preservation of air quality, environmental sanitation, food hygiene, drug safety, and related activities that reduces or eliminates harmful effects of environmental hazards

A

Protection

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21
Q

to prevent illness, control illness, and maintain maximal functioning for a group of individuals

A

Maintenance

22
Q

● Organized community efforts, by the governmental and nongovernmental sectors, to prevent disease and promote good health within groups of people, from small communities to entire countries.

A

PUBLIC HEALTH

23
Q

Future of Public Health

A

Institute of Medicine (1988)

24
Q

Health status of a group of people who may or may not identify themselves as a community and the efforts and conditions directed toward that group by means that may or may not be organized

A

● Population Health

25
Q

Sharma & Atri, (2010)
■ “The study of health problems and solutions affecting all people of the world”

A

● Global Health

26
Q

“The study of health problems and solutions affecting all people of the world”

A

Sharma & Atri, (2010)

27
Q

International Health

who said “A Systematic comparison of the factors that affect the health of all human populations”?

A

○ Paul Basch (1999)

28
Q

who said that “The Science and Art of examining health problems in multiple countries, primarily those that are developing and finding population-based solution to their problems.”

A

○ Sharma & Atri (2010)

29
Q

who said that “The application of principles of public health to health problems and challeneges that affect low and middle income countries to the complex array of global and local forces that influence them.”?

A

○ Merson, Black, and Mills (2006)

30
Q

it defines all nations

A

GLOBAL

31
Q

it defines multiple nationsi

A

INTERNATIONAL

32
Q

○ Means of facilitating voluntary behavior change to achieve good health in individuals, groups, and comunities

A

Health Education (½ essential component of CPH)

33
Q

who said that ‘Consciously constructed opportunities for learning involving some form of communication desifgned to improve health literacy, including improving knowledge, and developing life skills which are conducive to individual and community health.”

A

World Health Organization (1998)

34
Q

○ Consists of organizational, policy, and environmental efforts for improving the health of individuals, group and communities

A

Health Promotion (½ essential component of CPH)

35
Q

who said that “The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health”

A

Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (WHO, 1986)

36
Q

a subset of Health Promotion

A

Health education

37
Q

WHO (1998)
■ “Essential health care made accessible at a cost a country and community can afford, with methods that are practical, scientifically sound, and socially acceptable”

A

● Primary Health Care

38
Q

Art and Science of health promotion, disease prevention, disability limitation, and rehabilitation (Clark & MacMahon, 1981)

A

Preventive Medicine

39
Q

■ “To ____, ____, and ____health and well-being and to prevent disease, disability, and death.”

A

protect
promote
maintain

40
Q

○ A field of medicine that seeks to understand how social and economic factors affect health and illness so that social conditions can be created that foster good health

Two foundations: sociology and medicine

A

Social Medicine

41
Q

○ A branch of medicine that deals with populations, as opposed to individuals, and that provides health care at the community level

○ Aims to identify health needs in a community (community diagnosis) and to plan, implement, and evaluate health measures to address those needs

A

Community Medicine

42
Q

Age distribution, gender distribution, genetic makeup distribution, and so on, that shape the health of a community, immunity status (herd immunity)

A

Biological Factors

43
Q

■ Form of immunity that occurs when a large number of people in a community are immunized against a particular disease and those who are not vaccinated also have some protection because the disease will be slow to spread

A

Herd Immunity

44
Q

○ Specified frequency, intensity, and duration

○ May be healthy behaviors or unhealthy behaviors that may have an effect on the entire community

A

Behavioral Factors

45
Q

high-income communities can afford better health care and can create more conducive to health, whereas members of low-income have a difficult time accessing health care

A

Economic Conditions

46
Q

certain occupations are prone to a greater health risks as compared to other occupations

A

○ Occupation

47
Q

political or social factors

A

Political milieu

48
Q

○ Also called lifestyle diseases
○ Several behavioral risk factors:
■ Poor dietary behaviors
■ Lack of physical activity
■ Use of tobacco
■ Alcohol abuse

A

Prevalence of Chronic Diseases

49
Q

○ Also called communicable diseases
○ Some of these infectious diseases are new and meerging and others are showing a resurgence

○ Tuberculosis - 2 weeks to 6 months

A

Infectious diseases

50
Q

■ A credential awarded to a graduate of CEPH-accredited school or program of public health who passes a national examination administered by the National Board of Public Health Examiners

A

Certified in public health (CPH)

CPH laboratory (9 decks)

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