ch 14

Question 1

the 2 sources of oxygen

Answer 1

industrial prep:
-fractional distillation of liquefied air

laboratory prep:
H2O2->H2O + O2
-catalytic decomposition
-electrolysis of dil. H2SO4

Question 2

uses of oxygen

Answer 2

-packed in cylinder for diving +hospitals
-oxyacetylene flame->welding of metals
-purification of iron in the oxygen converter
-respiration/combustion

Question 3

test of oxygen

Answer 3

test: glowing splint
results: relights

Question 4

2 prep of hydrogen

Answer 4

industrial prep:
-cracking of alkanes ,hydrocarbons
-reaction with methane and water

laboratory prep:
-metal + acid
- reactive metal + cold water
-electrolysis of dilute H2.

Question 5

chemical prop of hydrogen

Answer 5

-flammable/explosive
test:
lighted splint
result: burns with a pop sound

Question 6

uses of hydrogen

Answer 6

-used as a fuel
-used in the Haber process to produce ammonia

Question 7

Halogens physical prop down the group

Answer 7

• high density
• high m.p and b.p
  -colour gets darker
  -reactiving decreases

Question 8

bromine Br2 colours

Answer 8

in gas red
in liquid red brown

Question 9

chloride Cl2 colour at room temp

Answer 9

gas greenish yellow

Question 10

flourine F2 at room temp

Answer 10

gas pale yellow

Question 11

iodine I2 at room temp

Answer 11

solid greyish black
gas purple
liquid/ad brown

Question 12

At at room temp

Answer 12

solid black

Question 13

uses of chlorine

Answer 13

-bleaching agent
-purification of water

Question 14

uses of iodine

Answer 14

test for starch

Question 15

sources of nitrogen

Answer 15

-fractional distillation of liquefied air
-removal of O2 from air

Question 16

uses of nitrogen

Answer 16

-packaging of food
doesn’t react with food cause N2 is unreactive gas

-used in manufacture of ammonia in the Haber process

Question 17

uses of ammonia

Answer 17

used in the manufacture of fertilizers

Question 18

ammonia added to the soil

Answer 18

-increases soil fertility
-high crop yield
-increase rate of plant growth
-makes the plant healthier

Question 19

fertillizers

Answer 19

-N,P,K
-soluble in H2O SPAN- sodium,potassium,ammonia,nitrate

Question 20

ammonia + acid

Answer 20

ammonium salt

Question 21

ammonia+ sulfuric acid

Answer 21

ammonium sulfate

Question 22

ammonia +phosphoric acid

Answer 22

ammonium phosphate

Question 23

Haber process

Answer 23

process of manufacture of ammonia

Question 24

condition of Haber process

Answer 24

-450°C
-200 atm
-Fe catalyst

Question 25

450°C

Answer 25

rate:
rate will increase as temp increases the particles will gain energy
so they will moves faster and collide more frequently

compromise
->cannot be decreased to avoid low rate
->cannot be increased, yield decrease and the reaction will shits backward

Question 26

200 atm pressure

Answer 26

rate increase as pressure increase so more particles/unit volume so more frequent collisions

as yield increase, pressure increases
the reaction will shits forward towards the direction of less moles so yield increases

Question 27

Fe catalyst

Answer 27

any catalyst speeds up chemical reaction

Question 28

what happens to ammonia in Haber process

Answer 28

ammonia is liquefied and removed
as conc decreases reaction shifts forward towards more conc. of ammonia yield will increase

Question 29

Sulfur S8 prop

Answer 29

-yellow solid
-brittle
-low m.p/b.p

Question 30

sources of sulfur

Answer 30

-sulfur beds
-zinc blende ZnS
-present as an impurity in fossil fuels

Question 31

SO2 uses

Answer 31

-acidic gas
-reducing agent turns acidified KMnO4 from purple to colorless

uses
-food preservative kills bacteria
-bleaches wood pulp for paper industry

Question 32

H2SO4 uses

Answer 32

-making fertilizers
-used in batteries in electrolysis

Question 33

Contact process condition

Answer 33

-450°C
-2 atm
-V2CO5 catalyst

Question 34

why pressure is only increases at 2 atm

Answer 34

rate and yield are already at 2 atm
pressure is expensive

Question 35

why lime water turns milky in the Prescence of CO2

Answer 35

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 -> CaCO3 (insoluble)

Question 36

uses of lime cycle

Answer 36

-3 compounds basic-> to neutralizes acidic soil
-Best option CaCO3
-CaO/ Ca(OH)2 is partially soluble

CaCO3->
-buildingmater
-purification of iron blast furnaces
-cement
-glass

CaO
-purification of iron-oxygen converter
-flue gas desulfurization

Ca(OH)2
-slaked lime
-flue gas deunt unisation