Midterm - TO KNOW Flashcards
The American Association of Ophthalmic Oncologist
and Pathologists (AAOOP) screening
recommendations for children at risk for retinoblastoma.
All infants and children should have a red reflex exam before discharge from the newborn
nursery and after that at every health maintenance visit.
All infants should receive hearing screening before…
1 month of age
Education for preventing eye injuries
● Using safety gates and cushions/pads at sharp corners, storing sharp utensils/tools out of reach of children, and storing chemicals securely
● Restraining children properly in the car (seatbelt), not allowing children under 12 years of age to sit in the front seat
● Limiting/supervising the use of laser pointers, BB guns, air rifles, paintball devices, darts, and fireworks
Treatment for scabies
Treat with permethrin 5%, repeated in 1 week; use an antihistamine, hydrocortisone, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for itching; simultaneously treat family members (even if asymptomatic), friends, and school/daycare contacts
Education for scabies
Educate the family about the course of the disease. Rash and itching persists for up to 3 weeks following treatment.
● The child should not be infectious 24 hours after treatment and may return to school or daycare.
The six components that need to be present in a patient with suspected Kawasaki’s Disease but an incomplete diagnosis include:
(1) albumin ≤3.0 g/dL
(2) urine ≥10 WBC/HPF
(3) platelet count ≥450,000 after 7 days of fever;
(4) anemia consistent with age values
(5) total white blood cell count ≥15,000/mm3
(6) elevation of alanine aminotransferase
Management of Kawasaki’s Disease
IVIG therapy (a single dose of 2 g/kg over 8 to 12 hours, ideally in the first 10 days of the illness)
American Heart Association recommendations for Kawasaki’s Disease
High-dose aspirin be given for its anti-inflammatory properties (80 to 100 mg/kg/day in four divided doses, every 6 hours
initially) until afebrile for at least 48 to 72 hours, then lowering the aspirin dose to 3 to 5 mg/kg/day for 6 to 8
weeks with discontinuation if the echocardiogram is
normal.
Baseline screening for Kawasaki’s Disease
A baseline echocardiogram at diagnosis
subsequent studies at 2 weeks and 6 to 8 weeks after onset of illness.
Cardiac MRI may give a better view of anatomy and cardiac function;
CT angiography not recommended.
Meningococcal vaccine
High morbidity and mortality rate.
Vaccinate age 11years with a booster at 16 years. Know when to give. Highest risk late high school/ college.
How often should an adult receive a TDAP booster?
Every 10 years
○ TDAP is given multiple times throughout life, even to the elderly.
○ The adult version is actually recommended antenatal vaccination at 27-36 weeks
(third trimester) pregnant (Tdap),
DTap vaccine
DtAP (4 doses)-Diphtheria-Tetanus-Acellular Pertussis Vaccine- given to children under age 7. Pertussis is not long-acting and needs to be given multiple times.
Puncture wounds
● Children with simple, uncomplicated puncture wounds do not need antibiotics. Exceptions include: signs of infection; cat bites; hand, foot, or genitalia wounds; the puncture is near a joint or bone; or the wound is deep of contains debris
● Obtain plain film radiography if there is suspicion of a retained foreign object
○ Antibiotics for animal/ human bites: Augmentin 7-10 days Toxic
Infantile hemangioma
Current standard of care for infantile hemangiomas is the
β-blocker . Treatment is the most effective in the proliferation phase but may help in later stages. Potential side effects include hypotension,bradycardia, bronchospasm, hypoglycemia, and hypothermia. The topical β-blocker timolol has been used with some success in small, primarily superficial, uncomplicated, and functionally insignificant hemangiomas
How often is spirometry recommended for asthma patients?
Every 1-2 years
