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History > Medicine > Flashcards

Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Why did people not challenge the church and their medicine theories?

A

Because it was gods plan. So if you challenged the church you were challenging god and people didn’t want to go to hell

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2
Q

Who was thrown in jail for questioning the church?

A

Roger bacon

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3
Q

What years were the medieval?

A

1250-1500

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4
Q

What were the 4 mains cures for illness in the medieval times?

A
  • herbal remedies
  • bleeding
  • praying
  • opposites
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5
Q

Name 4 reasons why medicine didn’t change in the medieval times.

A
  • education
  • church
  • government
  • beliefs and attitudes
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6
Q

Who had the most influence on people in the medieval times?

A

The church

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7
Q

Name the 4 humours and what they are associated with

A

Yellow bile - hot and dry, air, summer
Blood - wet and hot, air, spring
Phlegm - wet and cool, water, winter
Black bile - cold and dry, autumn, earth

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8
Q

What were the theories of what/why caused disease

A
  • god punishing you for your sins
  • astrology
  • miasma
  • demons
  • your 4 humours being unbalanced
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9
Q

Cholera
When was the new London sewer introduced?

A

1875

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10
Q

Cholera
When was the second cholera outbreak?

A

1854
Soho - London

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11
Q

Cholera
When was John Snow’s theory on the spread of cholera?

A

That cholera was spread by water contamination not by miasma

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12
Q

Cholera
What was the pump called that was causing cholera?

A

Broad street water pump

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13
Q

Cholera
Why was John snow not listened to by the government?

A

There was no scientific evidence

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14
Q

Cholera
When was the first cholera epidemic?

A

1848-9

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15
Q

Cholera
What was the doctor living in Soho that studied the outbreak?

A

John Snow

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16
Q

What did the public health act 1975 state?

A
  • provide clean water
  • dispose of all sewage
  • inside that only safe food was sold
17
Q

Small pox
What did Jenner discover?

A
  • he treated people from cow pox and noticed how they never caught small pox
  • tried to infect people who had cow pox with small pox, did not work
  • in 1798 the Royal Society refused to publish his findings
18
Q

When was it announced that small pox was wiped out?
Who announced it?

A
  • 1979
  • WHO, world health organisation
19
Q

Small pox
By 1800 how many people worldwide were vaccinated?

A

100,000

20
Q

Small pox
Oppositions to Edward Jenner

A
  • people thought it was wrong to give people an animals disease
  • it inferred with god’s plan
  • doctors lost money when the government offered vaccination free
  • some doctors didn’t vaccinate people properly
21
Q

When was the germ theory discovered?
By who?
What did Robert Koch do to Pasteur’s theory?

A
  • 1861
  • Louis Pasteur
  • he realised you could stain bacteria and that different disease were caused by specific microbes
22
Q

Explain three ways that led to the development of the gem theory

A
  • Technology, e.g. microscopes allowed microorganisms to be clearly seen
  • Scientific methods of experimenting, observing, and recording
  • Individuals, Pasteur’s skills and knowledge
23
Q
  • What was Thomas Sydenham book called?
  • and in what year?
A
  • observations Medicae
  • 1676
24
Q

How did Thomas Sydenham think you should treat patients?
- what years did he work as a doctor?

A
  • He believed instead of going off textbooks. He observed his patients and recorded symptoms in detail.
  • 1660s and 70s
25
Q

What did William Harvey discover?
Whose famous doctor was he?

A
  • That the heart was like a pump and blood went to the heart
  • king James 1st
26
Q

Which one of Galen’s theories did he prove wrong?

A

He proved that the blood was not produced in the liver, encouraging others to challenge Galen.

27
Q

Three ways in which hospitals had improved by the end of the 19th century

A
  • cleaner and more hygienic, so infection was less likely
  • nurses were trained and had a more central role
  • visitors were not involved in caring for patients
  • hospitals were better designed in terms of light, ventilation and sanitation
28
Q

When did Versailles study medicine?
Who did he prove wrong and why was it significant?

A
  • 1533
  • he proved galen wrong which helped and encouraged others to question others of Galens theory
29
Q

Give three reasons why surgery was more successful by 1900?

A
  • development of anaesthetics meant surgery became pain-free, meant that patients didn’t struggle
  • Discovery of antiseptic meant that the death rate of infection lowered
    Anaesthetics and antiseptics meant more complex operations could be attempted

History (9 decks)

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