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bds3 human systems > Dermatology: Inflammatory Immunomodulation > Flashcards

Dermatology: Inflammatory Immunomodulation Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 examples of imflammatory skin disease?

A
  • eczema
  • occupational dermatitis
  • psoriasis
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2
Q

What are the 2 main types of eczema

A
  • atopic
  • contact
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3
Q

What surfaces of the skin does eczema usually affect?

A

FLEXOR surfaces of skin or trunk

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4
Q

What is eczema and how does it present?

A
  • inflammation of the skin

-becomes itchy, dry and flakey
occasionally weeps

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5
Q

What is the most common form of eczema?

A

atopic eczema

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6
Q

Describe atopic eczema?

A
  • develops in childhood
  • usually improves with age
  • tends to run in families
  • associated with other ‘atopic’ conditions (hay fever, asthma)
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7
Q

Who is contact eczema most likely to affect and why?

A
  • most likely for adult onset
  • contact with allergen (perfumes, detergents and soaps)
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8
Q

Where does seborrhoeic eczema usually occur? and how does this usually appear

A
  • scalp and eye lashes
  • appears as severe form of dandruff
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9
Q

How does Discoid eczema present?

A

circular patches on the body

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10
Q

cause of gravitational eczema

A

poor circulation in the legs

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11
Q

What are some of the key triggers of eczema?

A
  • stress
  • menstruation
  • illness
  • changes in the weather
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12
Q

Name 4 ways which eczema is traditionally managed?

A
  • cotton clothing
  • emollients
  • soap substitutes
  • corticosteroids (usually topical)
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13
Q

How do emoillents work to manage eczema>

A
  • they are oils and prevent drying of the irritated skin
  • (apply after bathing to trap moisture)
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14
Q

How to corticosteroids work to manage eczema?

A
  • remove inflammation and allow skin to return to normal
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15
Q

(occupational (contact) dermatitis)

  • what is it
  • how may it present
  • timings
A
  • reaction to an environmental agent
  • usually results in a rash (may blister or get urticarial swelling)
  • usually and INTENSE itch
  • rash can present immediately or up to 72 hours after exposure
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16
Q

How can contact dermatitis be treated?

A
  • remove source

you must identify the source

  • topical steroid can help
17
Q

What percentage of the population does psoriasis affect?

A

2%

18
Q

What is psoriasis?

A
  • inflammatory skin disease of unknown origin
  • dysregulated epidermal proliferation, new cells are produced quicker than old cells lost
  • results in surface build up and thickening
  • typically affects extensor surfaces of limbs and trunk
  • can be associated with severe arthritis (psoriatic arthropathy)
  • presents with red scaly patches that itch
  • can run in families
19
Q

What is the treatment of psoriasis ?

A
  • not one clear treatment (initially topical)
  • emollients
  • topical steroids
  • tar
  • dithranol
  • vitamin a derivatives
  • PUVA- psoralen uv light A
    (topical drug, activated by UV light)
20
Q

What is the systemic treatment of psoriasis?

A
  • drugs to reduce cell turnover

methotrexate
ciclosporin
aitretin
infliximab
etanercept

21
Q

name some immunological skin diseases?

A
  • blisterning conditions (pemphigoid, pemphigus, epidermolysis bullosa)
  • lichen planus
  • connective tissue diseases (scleroderma, dermatomyositis, raynauds)
22
Q

What is an immunological skin disease?

A
  • auto-antibody attack on skin components causing loss of cell-cell adhesion
  • split forms within skin which fills with inflammatory exudate and forms vesicle or blister
23
Q

What is pemphigoid?

A
  • sub epithelial antibody attack
  • blistering condition
  • thick walled blister (epidermis is intact) filled with clear liquid or blood
  • different presentations include bullous, mucous membrane and cicatrital
24
Q

How does pemphigoid affect the mouth?

A
  • mucous membrane pemphigoid is most common in the mouth
25
Q

How can you manage pemphigoid?

A

manage with immunosuppressants

  • steroids
  • steroid sparing drugs
26
Q

Where does muccous membrane pemphigoid lesions usually occur?

A

mouth/eye/genital

27
Q

Where do bullous pemphigoid lesions usually occur?

A

skin

28
Q

What is pemphigus?

A
  • auto-antibody attack on epidermis
  • affects mucosa and skin, commonly seen first in the mouth
  • presents with blisters and surface is easily lost
  • fatal if left untreated or associated with complications of treatment
29
Q

What is epidermolysis bullosa?

A
  • group of conditions
    (some very mild- may appear later in life)
    (some incompatible with life - death in utero or shortly after birth)
  • genetically determined
  • severity/scarring determines by epitopes involved
30
Q

What are different types of epidermolysis bullosa?

A
  • EB Simplex
  • Junctional EB
  • Dystrophic EB
  • EB Acquista
31
Q

Name 3 problems with epidermolysis bullosa?

A

infection
fluid loss
scarring

32
Q

How do you manage epidermolysis bullosa?

A

no cure

treatment based on relieving symptoms

bds3 human systems (6 decks)

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