Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

Question 1

What is acute kidney injury related to

Answer 1

a rapid decrease in renal function

Question 2

What does acute kidney injury cause

Answer 2

rapid decrease in renal function, accumulation of waste, fluid and electrolyte imbalances

Question 3

How long does AKI take to heal

Answer 3

2 weeks to 3 months with proper interventions

Question 4

Etiology of AKI

Answer 4

reduced renal blood flow –> decreased GFR, accumulation of nitrogenous wastes, impairment of fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 5

Why is AKI common in critical cases

Answer 5

sepsis, multifactoral etiologies

Question 6

Classifications of AKI

Answer 6

pre, intra, post

Question 7

4 pathophysiologic stages of AKI

Answer 7

initial, oliguria, diuresis, recovery

Question 8

Initial stage of AKI

Answer 8

time of precipitating insult to the time of clinical manifestations, lasting hours to days

Question 9

Oliguria stage of AKI

Answer 9

significant decrease in GFR and urine output

Question 10

What does oliguria cause

Answer 10

retention of urea, fluid, potassium, sulfate, creatinine

Question 11

When and where does inflammation begin

Answer 11

Oliguria stage of AKI, nephrons

Question 12

Diuresis stage of AKI

Answer 12

kidneys are beginning to recover from the initial insult

Question 13

What increases during diuresis

Answer 13

urine output, mostly dumb urine

Question 14

What is dumb urine

Answer 14

urine without adequate filtration

Question 15

Recovery stage of AKI

Answer 15

the time needed for final repair of renal damage

Question 16

What starts the recovery stage of AKI

Answer 16

onset of increased urine output

Question 17

What signifies normal kidney function

Answer 17

appropriately concentrated urine

Question 18

What is clinical presentation influenced by

Answer 18

the cause of the injury

Question 19

What symptoms always occur in AKI

Answer 19

oliguria and fluid overload

Question 20

What causes signs and symptoms of uremia

Answer 20

nitrogenous waste builds up

Question 21

Encephalopathy clinical manifestations

Answer 21

confusion, disorientation, stupor, coma

Question 22

Thrombocytopenia clinical manifestations

Answer 22

bruising and spontaneous bleeding due to low hemoglobin

Question 23

Anemia clinical manifestations

Answer 23

fatigue, weakness, dyspnea, pale color

Question 24

Hyperkalemia clinical manifestations

Answer 24

cardiac dysrhythmias and extreme muscle weakness

Question 25

Metabolic acidosis clinical manifestations

Answer 25

tachypnea, headache, confusion, weakness, nausea, vomiting

Question 26

Hypocalcemia clinical manifestations

Answer 26

bone breakdown, neuromuscular tetany, seizures

Question 27

How is AKI diagnosed

Answer 27

urinalysis, imaging, ABGs, CBC