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20- SA- Dermatology > Ear disease 1 > Flashcards

Ear disease 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Otitis externa

A

inflammation of the outer ear

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2
Q

define otitis media

A

inflammation of the middle ear

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3
Q

define otitis interna

A

inflammation of the inner ear

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4
Q

List 2 differentials for pruritic pinnal margins

A

scabies
neotrombicular autumnalis

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5
Q

List 4 factors causing microbial overgrowth (in ear)

A

Humidity
Inflammation (and swelling)
Reduced epithelial migration
Epithelial surface changes

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6
Q

List the 2 organisms which tend to overgrow in the ear

A

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Malassezia pachydermatis

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7
Q

List the 5 things we need to consider when treating otitis

A

primary disease
seconday disease
predisposing factors
perpetuating factors
Pain

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8
Q

List 3 parasites that sre primary causes of otitis

A

otodectes cynotis- most common
Demodex spp.
Sarcoptes Scabies

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9
Q

Decsribe how to treat otodectes cyanotis

A

Selamectin or moxidectin spot-on
may need cleaner +/- steroids

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10
Q

Describe hypersensitivity otitis

A

OE is a VERY common complication of atopic dermatitis and food allergy

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11
Q

List 5 presenting signs of otitis externa

A

Aural / otic pruritus or headshaking
Mild to marked exudate
Malodour
Head tilt
Deafness

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12
Q

List 3 possible consequences of otitis media

A

conductive deafness
Horner’s syndrome/ facial paralysis
vestibular syndrome (otitis interna)

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13
Q

List 3 ways to investigate otitis media

A

otoscopy
sampling
imaging

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14
Q

Describe how to treat otitis media with an intact ear drum

A

myringotomy and flush until clean

topical antibiotics and systemic pain releif
cleaning 2-3 times a day with saline or an appropriate cleaner

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15
Q

what is myringotomy

A

is a procedure to create a hole in the ear drum to allow fluid that is trapped in the middle ear to drain out.

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16
Q

List the clinical signs of otitis interna

A

Head tilt to the affected side
Spontaneous or rotatory nystagmus
Asymmetric limb ataxia with preservation of strength
Falling
Vomiting and/or anorexia

17
Q

Describe ototoxic neurological signs

A

No in ear treatment is considered otosafe – always risk- no licensed for middle ear
Profound hearing loss and vestibular signs may be seen

18
Q

what aspect of the animal does the bone in the ear face towards

A

the rostral aspect

19
Q

List 3 non-pruritic diseases of the pinnal margins

A

vasculitis
pinnal margin seborrhoea
squamous cell carcinoma

20
Q

List 5 pruritic diseases of the pinnal surface

A

atopic dermatitis
food allergy
pemphigus foliaceus
fleas
contact irritant dermatitis

21
Q

Name a pruritic disease of the pinnal body

A

aural haematoma

22
Q

List 3 non-pruritic diseases of the pinnal surface

A

pemphigus foliaceus
alopecia from HAC or hyperthyroidism
contact irritant dermatitis

23
Q

Name a non-pruritic disease of the pinnal body

A

auricular chondritis

24
Q

What is the main commensal bacteria in dogs ears

A

gram +ve cocci predominate

25
Q

List 6 things that can predispose to otitis

A

conformation
excessive moisture
obstructive ear disease
primary otitis media
altered normal microflora
trauma from cleaning or plucking

26
Q

Decsribe horners syndrome

A

sympathetic nerves to the face are damaged - drooping of the eyelid on the affected side, pupil constricted or smaller than usual, affected eye appears sunken, third eyelid may be affected

27
Q

what should we consider for otitis media treatment in severe cases

A

total ear canal ablation and bulla osteotomy

28
Q

what is primary secretory otitis media

A

marked mucoid build up in the middle ear

29
Q

what is the best way to assess middle ear disease

A

CT /MRI

30
Q

what causes otitis interna

A

extension of otitis media, haematogenous and ascending infections, adverse drug reactions

31
Q

List the clinical signs of otitis interna

A

head tilt to the affected side
spontaneous or rotatory nystagmus
assymetric limb ataxia with preservation of strength
falling
vomiting and/or anorexia

32
Q

How to diagnose otitis interna

A

clinical signs
neuro exam
otic exam with myringotomy
MRI/CT

33
Q

How to treat otitis interna

A

systemic antibiotics that can cross the BBB - TMPS

34
Q

do we have any ear treatments that are considered otic safe

A

No

20- SA- Dermatology (21 decks)

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